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广州初一英语语法学案Unit1定冠词the和动词play的用法Warm-up:ReadingAliceismybestfriend.Sheisatallgirlwithglasses.Sheoftentellsjokestomakemelaugh,butshenevermakesfunofothers.Aliceisasmartgirl.HeisgoodatMaths.Weoftenstudyandplaytabletennistogether.Ihopewewillalwaysremainfriends.考纲要求1.掌握冠词泛指、特指的用法；2.掌握定冠词和不定冠词的常见搭配；3.冠词和名词连用表示类别。命题规律冠词考查的内容主要集中在三种冠词的搭配及其用法上。一、重难点1）不定冠词a和an的区别；2）定冠词the的运用；3）零冠词的用法；4）冠词的固定搭配。5）play的动词搭配二、精讲点拨冠词一共有三种，分别是不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词（即不用冠词的情况）。学习冠词我们首先需要明确几个概念。特指：指特定的人或物，名词前用定冠词the。如，themaninthemirror,thewaterintheglass,thethreestudents泛指：泛泛提及的人或事物。aboy,amovie，threestudents类指：人或者物分类时的所指，用于区别其他的人或事物。Adogisananimal.Thedogisananimal.Dogsareanimals.Waterisakindofliquid.1.不定冠词a和an多用来修饰单数可数名词1）a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，如：aboy,auniversitystudent;an用在以元音音素开头的单词前，如：anapple,anhonestboy注意:有些字母虽然是元音字母，但是却不发元音，如字母u,以u开头的单词第一个音凡是发[juː]前面皆用a，若第一个音为[ʌ]前面则用an，如：ausefulbook,anuncle.2)表示类别：这种用法是指某人或某物属于某一种类，或者指某一种类的人或物中的任何一个或一件，或者指某一种类的人或物，但不具体说明是何人或何物。例如：Thatisapen,notapencil.那是钢笔而不是铅笔。（指属于某一种类）Givehimapear,please!请给他一个梨。（指某一种类中的任何一个）3)和one的区别：a/an表示类别,种类；one强调数量abus（表示是一辆公交车而不是一辆小汽车也不是火车）onebus(强调是一辆车而不是两辆或三辆)4)表示基本单位，作“每一”讲。例如：threetimesaday,10yuanakilosixclassadaythirtymilesanhour等。【即时即练1】选用a或an填空（1）Hissisteris__________teacher.（2）Thisis___________youngman.（3）Jackwantstobe___________Englishteacher.（4）MissLeeis__________ladynurse.（5）_________universityteacherlivesnearus.（6）Iwillcallyouinhalf__________hour.（7）Peoplehavethreemeals__________day.（8）Jeremyis_________honeststudent.（9）What__________interestingmovieitis!（10）Mydreamistobe_________engineer.2.定冠词the的用法：1）定冠词的最基本的用法是“特指”：表示某个或某些特定的人或物。如：Doyouknowthegirlinaredskirt?你认识那个穿红裙子的女孩吗？BeijingisthecapitalofChina.北京是中国的首都。2）第一次提到的东西用不定冠词a(n)，第二次提及则用the。如：Peterhasadog.Thedogisveryclever.Thereisabookonthedesk.Thebookisveryinteresting.3）the用于说话人和听话人双方都知道的人或物。如：Openthewindow,please.MayIusethecomputer?4）the用于世上独一无二的名称前。如：Theearthmovesaroundthesun.Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.5）the用于表示方位和表西洋乐器的名词前。如：Peteristheboyontheleft.Thesunrisesintheeast.Rosecanplaythepiano.6）the用于姓氏复数形式前，表示某人夫妇或一家人。如：TheGreensarefromEngland.TheBrownshaveaholidayinWales.7）the用于形容词序数词和最高级前。如：Iliveonthethirdfloor.Sheisthemostbeautifulgirlinourclass.8）the与某些形容词连用表示一类人。如：Therichhavealotofmoney.Weshouldhelptheold.9）用在由普通名词构成的表示场所或国家的专有名词前。theGreatWall长城theSummerPlace颐和园thePeople’sSquare人民广场theUnitedStates美国10）用于某些固定词组中。例如:inthemorning/afternoon/evening，bytheway等【即时即练2】1.Thereis_______oldbike._______oldbikeisMr.Zhao's.A.an;TheB.the;AnC.a;TheD.the;The2._______appleadaykeepsthedoctorsaway.A.TheB.AC.AnD.Two3.—Howmanybooksdoyouhave?—Ihave_______book.That's_______Englishbook.A.a;anB.a;oneC.one;anD.one;one4.AtthattimeTomwas_______eight-year-oldbaby.A.aB.anC.theD./5._______tigerisfrom_______China.A.The;aB.A;theC.The;/D.The;the6.Wecan'tsee_______sunat_______night.A.the;theB.the;/C.a;/D./;/7.Oneafternoonhefound_______handbag.Therewas_______“s”onthecornerof_______handbag.A.a;an;theB.a;a;theC.an;an;anD.the;a;a8._______oldladywithwhitehairspoke_______Englishwellat_______meeting.A.An;an;aB.The;/;anC.The;/;aD.The;/;the9._______GreatWallis_______longestwallintheworld.A.A;aB.The;theC.A;theD.The;a10._______womanoverthereis_______popularteacherinourschool.A.A;anB.The;aC.The;theD.A;the3.零冠词的用法：1）在物质名词，抽象名词前不用冠词Electricityisusefulinourdailylife.Icefeelscold.Knowledgeispower,2）国名、地名和人名前通常不用定冠词EnglandGuangzhouMaryMr.Green3）在星期、月份、季节等名词前SundayMarchsummerwinter4）名词前有物主代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词所有格修饰时(my，this，those，these等)如：thismorningmypenyourwatchwhosebike等5）在球类运动、一日三餐、学科和语言的名词前如：havebreakfastplaychessplaybasketball6）当by与火车等交通工具连用，表示一种方式时，中间无冠词bybusbytrainbycarbyairbybikebyplane7）有些个体名词不用冠词如：school，college/university，prison，hospital，bed，table，church，等个体名词，直接置于介词后，表示该名词的深层含义；gotohospital去医院看病gotothehospital去医院(并不是去看病，而是有其他目的)【即时即练3】1.---Whatdaywasityesterday?---Itwas________Wednesday.A.aB.theC.anD./2.---Doesshespeak_________Chinese?---Yes.ThoughshelivesinNewYork.A.aB.anC./D.the3.March12is_________Tree-plantingDay.A./B.theC.aD.an4.DoesMissLigotoworkon________busoron________foot?A.an;/B.a;/C.a;theD./;/5.Helikestolistento_________musicon________cellphone(手机).A./;theB.the;/C.an;theD.a;the6.---DidtheygotoYunnanby________train?---No,theywentthereby______air.A./;aB./;/C.a;theD.the;a7.Itistoocoldinthenorthin_________winter.A./B.aC.anD.the8.---Whatisyourhobby?---Myhobbyisplaying_________chesswithmyfather.A.aB.anC.theD./4.play的用法1）play可以用作不及物动词,意思是“玩”Thechildrenareplaying.Don’tplaywithfire.2)play用作及物动词，意思是“打……（球）；弹……（乐器）”Heisafootballfanandlikesplayingfootballverymuch.LangLangcouldplaythepianowhenhewasthree.3)play还可以做名词，TVplays电视剧【即时即练4】翻译1.他每天放学后和他朋友一起玩。2.他会弹吉他。3.打篮球是我的爱好之一。三、巩固提升一．冠词填空：在下列句中空白处填入适当冠词，不需用冠词处划×。1.Thereis_______pictureof_______elephanton_______wall.2.Thisis_______usefulbook.I'vereaditfor_______hour.3._______elephantismuchheavierthan_______horse.4._______doctortoldhimtotake_______medicinethreetimes_______day.5.Let'sgooutfor_______walk.6.It'stoohot.Open_______door，please.7.Thereis_______womanoverthere._______womanisMeimei'smother.8._______sunrisesin_______east.