19世纪英国殖民扩张

ColonialExpansionBritishcolonialexpansioninthe19thcentury•ColonialExpansioninAsiaTheOpiumWar(鸦片战争)TheLargesecondaryOpiumWar（二鸦）ThesuppressionoftheTaipingRevolution（镇压太平天国革命）SuppressionoftheRevolutionoftheIndiannation(镇压1857~1859印度民族大起义)SuppressionoftherevolutionoftheYihetuan(镇压1900义和团运动)Myanmar、AfghanistanTheopiumwarOutbreak:InJune1840,theBritishfleetintoGuangdong,theOpiumWarbegin.鸦片战争1841－1842鸦片战争形势示意图1840BritishinvasionrouteandtimeThefirststageThesecondstageRoute广东——厦门——浙江定海——天津白河口——和谈（道光、琦善）广东——东南沿海1841年初，强占香港岛罂粟poppyBeautifulredflower鸦片opium以罂粟为原料制成的毒品，有镇痛作用，易成瘾，吸食鸦片会引起体质衰弱和精神颓废，寿命缩短。过量使用鸦片还会造成急性中毒而猝死英国东印度公司的鸦片仓库吸食鸦片的中国人thetotalnumberofopiumsmokersinChinainthe1830’swasashighas12million天津北京ThesecondaryOpiumWarThefirststage（1856年—1858年）1858年签《天津条约》Thesecondstage（1859年—1860年）广州定海1860年占领京津，火烧圆明园，咸丰帝逃亡，签《北京条约》（结束）圆明园SummerPalace,locatedinthenorthwesternsuburbsofBeijing.TheYuanmingyuan,ChangchunPark,WanSpringGarden,coversanareaof​​approximately5,200acres,morethan150ofKing.Yuanmingyuannotonlyisthecrystallizationofthefeudaleraarchitecturalart,andrareintheworldofmuseumsandgalleries.ByWesternersasthegardenoftheGarden.★theYuanmingyuanfloodLawandYuanYingconceptremnantsWeinterferenceinChina'saffairs,whydoit?Ourtreatyrightsaredangerousrealmofournationalinterestisatstake!----BritishPrimeMinisterPALMERSTON“我们干涉了中国的事务，为什么呢？因为我们的条约权利受到了危险，我们的国家利益处於岌岌可危之境！”----英国首相巴马斯顿Indianindependencemovement1857~1947TheBritishcolonistsoccupiedIndiaIndianpeoplekillBritishofficersIndia'sfirstindependentrevolutionin1857-1858,inthecentralandnorthernregionsinIndiabegantoignite.TherebellionbecauseofculturalandracialdifferencesbetweenIndiansoldiersandBritishofficialshavecaused.印度第一次的独立革命是在1857－1858年间，在印度中部及北部地区开始燃起的。这次叛乱是因为印度士兵及英国官员之间有着文化及种族上的差异而引起。起义时的兵变独立战争英雄占西女王In1876,theConservativePartycabinetforQueenVictoria'scoronation,makingittheEmpressofIndia.Sincethen,theUnitedKingdom,alsoknownastheBritishEmpire1838——1842阿富汗人民反英起义1851——1864太平天国运动1848——1852伊朗巴布教徒起义1857——1859印度民族大起义ColonialExpansioninAfricaTheEuropeancarveupAfricacrazliyinthelate19thcenturyHomelesspeopleinAfricaBoerWarBoerWar(BoerWar)istheBritishandtheBoercoloniesandthebattlebetweencompetingforSouthAfrica.TheDutchcolonistsinthe17thcenturycametoSouthAfrica.TheyandthePortugal,theFrenchcolonistsdescentarereferredtoasBoolean.Inthelate19thcentury,TransvaalandPresidentoftherepublicofthegenusstreptobacillusfreecountrieshavefoundtheworld'slargestdiamondsandgold.Britishcolonistswantedthetreasure,inAugust1899withtheBoerwarInEgyptInEgypt,haveAllahthanleadershipofthestruggle.After1869,theSuezCanal,directlycausethefiscalcrisisinEgypt.BritainandFrancetointervene,thenfinancialdoublesupervisiontoEgypt.Foundedin1879,Egypt,ledbycolonelAraby,motherlandparty,andputforwardthesloganofEgyptistheegyptians,opposedforeigninterferenceinEgypt'sinterior.InSudanInSudan,hasthemahdibiguprising.Britaininthe1870sandatthesametimereachoutherhandtotheSudan,implementationofcolonialpolicyinSudan,themahdiuprising.In1881,muhammadahmed,whodescribeshimselfasthemahdiofIslam(saviour),leadsthearmeduprising,repeatedlyfrustratedtosuppresstheBritisharmy.InNovember1883,arebelmilitaryforcesconcentratedmorethan40000,thekillmorethan10000BritishDoubleopenplanin1919,theBritishcomprehensivecreatedfromCapeTowntoCairoroad,builtupavastcolonialempireinAfrica.The19CenturyColonialExpansionPostwarBritaininEuropecontinentofNorthAmericathesametime,includingAustraliaDuringthisperiodofexpansionistheprimitiveaccumulationofcolonialexpansion.TheexpansionoftheobjectisthecontinentofNorthAmericaandAustralia.Itischaracteristicoflandlesscolonial.By1733theBritishestablished13coloniesalongtheeastcoastofNorthAmerica.这一时期的扩张是原始积累的殖民扩张。扩张的对象是北美大陆和澳洲大陆。特点是对无主地的殖民。到1733年英国在北美东岸建立了13个殖民地Canada1867CanadabecomethefirstBritishdominion(Self-GoverningtheDominion)1867年加拿大(Canada)成为英国第一个自治领(Self-GoverningDominion在第一次世界大战中，英国夺取了德国大部分的海外殖民地，并在战后以委任统治的名义纳入帝国领域IntheFirstWorldWar,theBritishcapturedmostoftheoverseascoloniesinGermanyandafterthewarintotheEmpirefieldinthenameoftheMandateothercontinentAsof1914,theBritishcolonyhasbeenthroughoutallcontinentsoftheworld,istheworld'slargestcolonialempire.Thelate19thcenturyandearly20thcentury,Britishimperialismtransition.截止1914年，英国的殖民地已遍布世界各个大洲，是世界上最大的殖民帝国。19世纪末20世纪初，英国向帝国主义过渡。大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国UnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland殖民地thankyou