Unit 7 There Has Always Olympic Mischief

Unit7ThereHasAlwaysOlympicMischief•ThroughacarefulexaminationoftheevolutionoftheancientOlympicsandmodernOlympics,itisjustifiedthattheimperfectionhappensallthetimewiththelatterperiodaddedwiththerefinementofmisbehavior.–Whatarethoseimperfection?–Whatarethoserefinement?LeadInAncientOlympics•Olympics:APan-HellenicfestivalinancientGreececonsistingofathleticgamesandcontestsofchoralpoetryanddance,firstcelebratedin776b.c.andheldperiodicallyuntila.d.393ontheplainofOlympiainhonoroftheOlympianZeus.•Olympia–inthenorthwesternpartofthePeloponnese•IslandofPelops•FounderofAncientOlympicsProfessionalization•IntheearlystagesoftheGames,theathletesweremainlyfromtheleisureupper-classesandthereforemaybedefinedas“amateurs”,whererapidlydevelopedwhatcanbecalledprofessionalathletes.–Athleticcompetitionisaprofession.–Athletescanmakemoneyfromsuccess.Politicization•ameetingplaceforworship.–TemplesofZeusandHera(cult)•showthephysicalqualitiesandevolutionoftheperformancesaccomplishedbyyoungpeople,aswellasencouraginggoodrelationsbetweenthecitiesofGreece.•Greekcities“poaching”athletesfromothercitieswithpromisesoffinancialrewards.Commercialization•Attheearlystages,thevictoryceremonywasonlyapalmbranchinhandsofthewinnertogetherwiththesacredolivetreewreath.•Thefinancialandmaterialrewardswhenthevictoriousathletesreturnedhomewereverygreatindeedandasecureandprosperousfutureawaitedhim.ModernOlympics•1.IOC–On23June,1894CoubertinfoundedtheInternationalOlympicCommitteeinParis.Itsmembershipconsistsofthe205NationalOlympicCommittees.•2.1stmodernOlympics–In1896,thefirstOlympicGamesofthemodernerawereheldinAthens.–thefirstWinterOlympicswereinChamonix,France,in1924.•3.Movementofheadquarters–In1922,theIOCheadquartersandtheMuseumcollectionsweremovedtoLausanne,Switzerland(aneutralcountryduringWWI)andstayedthereuntilnow.Emblem(Olympics)FivecontinentsSixcolorsSlogan•Latin–Citius/faster–Altius/higher–Fortius/stronger•Olympicethics–Friendship–Equality–Unity–Progress•WhatisthemischiefinOlympics,contrarytoinitialintensionandstatedOlympicethics?–Professionalization–Gambling–Cheating–Rowdiness–Intimidation–Commercialization–Politicization–DosingwithstimulantsLeadIn•Themisty-eyednotionsabout“goodolddays”aresheernonsense.(Line1–11)•ThepureanduncommercialGreekOlympicsisthenot-so-rosytruth.(Line12–90)–Cheatingindifferentways,especiallywithrowdiness(36)–Commercial(58)–Political(80)–Intimidation(totalitarianism)(90)•Whenthegameswererevivedin1896,alltheancientshenaniganswererevivedwithrefinement.–Fortifywithswigsofsugaredwine(101)–Hitchhikearide(112)–Stimulantscompetingwithdrugtest(138)–Electronicallycheating(150)–Sexcheating(162)•Althoughableakpictureofinherentlygloriouseventwaspresented,itisstillbelievedthatthereispureexcellenceintheGames.(Line163–184)Textorganization•WhatdojournalistssayabouttheOlympicseveryfouryear?–Goldolddays;eulogize;pureanduncommercial;amateur;fairplay•Doesthewriteragreewiththem?Whatdoeshesay?–Sheernonsense;Alltimewhenoldaregood;inventionTextorganization•HowdidancientGreekathletescheatintheOlympicgames?Whatwastheirsportsethicsbasedon?–Winningbyfairmeansorfoul•Whatcontributedtotherowdinessofthechariotracers?–Thearbitersweresusceptibletofinancialenticements–DifficultyinjudgmentTextorganization•HowwastheancientGamesdifferentfromandsimilartothemodernGamesinviewofthecommercialization?–Inthenude,noendorsement•Prizemoney•Hugefeesforpersonalappearances•AbsolvedfromtaxesandsoonTextorganization•WhatdidthecaseofAstylos,thegreatestsprinterinantiquity,prove?–Politicization–Moneycanbuyanything•Howtounderstand“Ithappensallthetimenowwithcorporateexecutives.”(Line79)–MotivatedandenticedbytheprospectsTextorganization•Howdidtheancientkingsshowtheirtotalitarianism?–Poison–Be-declaredthewinnerinspiteofhisapparentdefeat.Textorganization•HasSpiridonLoues,thewinnerofthemarathon,reallywinfairandsquare?–Behighon–Fortifyhimselfwithswigsofsugaredwine•Isitappropriateinamodernsense?Textorganization•HowdidFredLordcheatinthemarathonrace?–Crampup–Hitchhikearide–Jogtherestoftheway•Washedisqualifiedfortheprize?–Justbefore…Textorganization•InwhatprocessisStrychnineillegalized?–Benotsecretiveabout;keep–Nearlyfinish;disqualified•WhatspurredtheIOCtoinitiatedrugtestingalthoughitmayhelpenhancetheperformanceoftheathletes?–HarmfulandevenfatalTextorganization•Howdoyouunderstand“in1976,OlympiccheatingenteredtheelectronicAge”?–Itisevenrefinedwiththehelpofelectronics.•WhatdoesthedisqualificationofBorisindicatecomparewiththeinitialuseofthedrug?–Anti-cheatingawarenessisenhancedandtherulesarestricter.Textorganization•Howwasthesexcheatingperformed?–Takelargedosesofmalehormones–Femaleimpersonator•WhyistherenoneedtoconjectureaboutDora’ssex?–ItistooobviousandthereforedetectableTextorganization•Doyouagreewiththebleakpictureofthegames?–Shouldn’tbepessimistic•Whathasledtothemischiefofthegames?–Humanfrailty•Whatisthebeliefofthewriter?–Mischiefisunavoidableaslongasthereisgoodandbadinhumannature.–BeliefinpureexcellenceTextorganization•Rollaround---流逝，重临–Happenregularly–TheannualChristmasrolledaroundagain.–我的桌子