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专题三短文改错1.命题形式短文改错给出一篇约100个单词的短文,文中有10处错误,错误类型包括词法、语法、行文逻辑等。要求考生对每个句子进行判断,如有错则将其改正。2010—2019年高考全国卷短文改错考情一览表2.命题规律该题型以记叙文为主,素材多来源于学生作文,篇章的主题多贴近生活,情境为广大考生所熟悉。学生平时在书面表达中常出现的错误也就是短文改错题要考查的重点。改错以句为单位,每句最多两处错误。全文通常为一处多词,一处缺词和八处错误。个别情况下答案不唯一。比如2004年全国1卷中的第九处错误,可以去掉but,也可以把but改为yet。2016年全国2卷的第八处错误,可以去掉can,也可以把can改为should。文中涉及的词法错误最多,包括名词的单复数、冠词、代词、形容词的比较等级、时态、语态和非谓语动词等;句法错误主要包括连接词和关系词的用法;逻辑错误主要涉及连词和过渡词的使用。Passage1(2019·全国1,10分,难度★★)Ibecameinterestinginplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.OneafternoonwhereIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.Suddenlyfootballfelljustinfrontofmebutalmosthitme.Istoppedtheballandkickedithardlybacktotheplayground.Toeveryone’ssurprising,theballwentintothenet.Allthefootballplayerontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saythatIhadatalentforfootball.Fromnowon,Istartedtoplaymyfootballwithclassmatesafterschool.Iamagoodplayernow.答案Ibecameinterestinginterestedinplayingfootballthankstoasmallaccident.OneafternoonwherewhenIwasinprimaryschool,Iwaswalkingbytheschoolplayground.Suddenly∧afootballfelljustinfrontofmebutandalmosthitme.Istoppedtheballandkickedithardlyhardbacktotheplayground.Toeveryone’ssurprisingsurprise,theballwentintothenet.Allthefootballplayerplayersontheplaygroundcheeredloudly,saysayingthatIhadatalentforfootball.Fromnowthenon,Istartedtoplayfootballwithclassmatesafterschool.Iamagoodplayernow.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了小学时代的偶然事件让“我”喜欢上了踢足球。第一处:interesting→interested考查形容词。becomeinterestedin“对……感兴趣”。第二处:where→when考查定语从句。定语从句中不缺成分,先行词表示时间。故用when。第三处:football前面加a考查冠词。单数可数名词需要用限定词,“一个”足球,用a。第四处:but→and考查并列连词。刚好落在“我”面前并且差点击中了“我”。此处表示并列关系,用and。第五处:hardly→hard考查副词。hardly“几乎不”;hard“用力地”。“我”用力踢回去,用hard。第六处:surprising→surprise考查固定短语。toone’ssurprise“让某人惊讶的是”。第七处:player→players考查名词。all“所有的”修饰名词复数,故用players。第八处:say→saying考查非谓语动词。句中已经有谓语动词cheered,应该用非谓语动词,say有宾语,用动词-ing形式。第九处:now→then考查副词。此处表示从那时起,用fromthenon。第十处:去掉football前的my考查代词。playfootball为固定搭配,意为“踢足球”。Passage2(2019·全国2,10分,难度★★)SinceIwasakid,I’veconsidereddifferentjobIwouldliketodo.First,Iwantedtobeafireman,whoseuniformlookedsocoolly.Then,whenIwasinthefivegrade,IwantedtobeateacherbecauseIlikedmyEnglishteachertoomuch.WhenIstudiedchemistryhighschool,Ireconsideredmygoalordecidedtobeadoctor.Theyweretworeasonsforthedecision.OnewasthatIwasamazingatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchmorebetterafterseeingadoctor.AndtheotheristhatIwantedtohelppeopleinneed.答案SinceIwasakid,I’veconsidereddifferentjobjobsIwouldliketodo.First,Iwantedtobeafireman,whoseuniformlookedsocoollycool.Then,whenIwasinthefivefifthgrade,IwantedtobeateacherbecauseIlikedmyEnglishteachertoovery/somuch.WhenIstudiedchemistry∧in/athighschool,Ireconsideredmygoaloranddecidedtobeadoctor.TheyThereweretworeasonsforthedecision.OnewasthatIwasamazingamazedatthefactthatasickpersoncouldfeelmuchbetterafterseeingadoctor.AndtheotheriswasthatIwantedtohelppeopleinneed.第一处:job→jobs考查名词单复数。job是可数名词,根据前面的different可知要用复数形式。第二处:coolly→cool考查形容词。look是连系动词,后面应用形容词做表语。第三处:five→fifth考查数词。根据语境以及grade可知,此处表示“第五”,应用序数词。第四处:too→very/so考查副词。此处表示“我非常喜欢我的英语老师”。too强调超出了必要的限度,所以应把too改为very或so。第五处:chemistry后加in/at考查介词。此处缺少表示“在……地方”的介词,由后面的highschool可知,此处应加in或at。第六处:or→and考查连词。根据语境可知,reconsideredmygoal和decidedtobeadoctor是并列关系,不是选择关系,所以应把or改为and。第七处:They→There考查固定句式。分析句子结构可知,本句是“Therebe...”结构,所以应把They改为There。注意首字母要大写。第八处:amazing→amazed考查形容词。amazed“惊奇的”,表示人的心理感受;amazing“令人惊奇的”,表示事物的特征。此处是修饰I,所以应用amazed。第九处:删除more考查比较级。better本身就是比较级,more多余。第十处:is→was考查时态。由全文时态可知,文章讲述的是过去发生的事情,所以应用一般过去时。Passage3(2019·全国3,10分,难度★★)I’vehadmanydreamssinceIwasachild.Nowmydreamistoopensacafe.Thoughitmayappearsimple,itrequiredalotofideasandefforts.WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarilycafebutaveryspecialone.Iwantmycafehaveaspecialthemesuchaslike“TangDynasty”.Inthecafe,customerswillenjoyyourselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhatiscreatedforthem.IfIsucceedinmanageone,Iwillopenmore.Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcity.Eachofmycafeswillhaveadifferentthemeandanuniquestyle.答案I’vehadmanydreamssinceIwasachild.Nowmydreamistoopensopenacafe.Thoughitmayappearsimple,itrequiredrequiresalotofideasandefforts.WhatIwantisnotjustanordinarilyordinarycafebutaveryspecialone.Iwantmycafe∧tohaveaspecialthemesuchas“TangDynasty”.Inthecafe,customerswillenjoyyourselvesthemselvesinthehistoricalenvironmentwhatthat/whichiscreatedforthem.IfIsucceedinmanagemanagingone,Iwillopenmore.Iwishtohaveachainofcafesinmanydifferentcitycities.Eachofmycafeswillhaveadifferentthemeandanauniquestyle.【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述“我”梦想在多个城市开办主题咖啡厅。第一处:opens→open考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,此处不定式短语作表语。第二处:required→requires考查动词的时态。文章整体是以一般现在时为主,因此用一般现在时。第三处:ordinarily→ordinary考查形容词。此处用形容词修饰名词cafe。句意:我想要的不仅是一家普通的咖啡馆。第四处:have前加to考查非谓语动词。wantsb./sth.todo为固定结构,句意:我想让我的咖啡厅有特殊的主题。第五处:去掉as后面的like考查介词。suchas为固定搭配,所以应去掉后面的介词like。第六处:yourselves→themselves考查代词。句子主语是customers,所以应为enjoythemselves,表示顾客们可以在跟历史相关的氛围中玩得愉快。第七处:what→that/which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,先行词为名词environment,后面从句中缺少主语,故用关系代词that/which。第八处:manage→managing考查非谓语动词。succeedindoingsth.为固定搭配。第九处:city→cities考查名词。句意:我希望在不同的城市开设咖啡连锁店。故用复数形式。第十处:an→a考查冠词。unique第一个音素不是元音,故用a。Passage4(2019·全国1,