第九章-正反-反正翻译法

English-ChineseWrittenTranslation.Copyright(C)2006byWeiJianhuaAllRightsReserved第九章正反、反正翻译法英语与汉语对同一概念的表达并不总是一致的。有时英语从正面进行表达，汉语则习惯于从反面进行表达；而有时英语从反面表达的，汉语则要从正面进行表达才合乎习惯。翻译时碰到这种情况，就需要适当利用反译的技巧，即“正面反译”（简称“正反”翻译法）或“反面正译”（简称“反正”翻译法）。English-ChineseWrittenTranslation.Copyright(C)2006byWeiJianhuaAllRightsReserved1.Yourexplanationisfarfromsatisfactory.2.Theykeeptheirthoughtsandfeelingstothemselves.一、正面反译（正反翻译法）——即原文从正面表达，译文从反面表达。你的解释远不能让人满意。（短语反译）他们的思想和感情不外露。（短语反译）如：English-ChineseWrittenTranslation.Copyright(C)2006byWeiJianhuaAllRightsReservedexcusemissfaillackignoreneglectoverlookexcluderefrainfromrefusewonderfancyhatelose例：1、Thefirstbombsmissedthetarget.●通常正面反译的单词：对不起未赶上/未击中不及格/没有成功不足/没有不顾/不理不注意没有注意不包括忍不住…不答应不喜欢看不见想不到第一批炸弹没有击中目标。我没有得到这样的机会。2、Suchachancewasdeniedme.(1)动词：不知道抓不住/听不见/English-ChineseWrittenTranslation.Copyright(C)2006byWeiJianhuaAllRightsReservedIgnorant无知的constant不断的absent不在safefrom不会遭到….的weak不强大的freefrom免受….影响的ill不健康的/不吉祥的/不好的shortof不足的thelast最不适合的/最不可能的(2)形容词1.Heisnotstupid,merelyignorant.他并不愚笨，仅仅是无知而已。甚至只要有一点点风声漏出去，结（后）果将不堪设想。2.Itwouldbemostdisastrousifevenarumorofitweregivenout.English-ChineseWrittenTranslation.Copyright(C)2006byWeiJianhuaAllRightsReserved3.Wewerewatchingthefluidsituationwithconcern.我们关切地注视着动荡不定的局势。这个解释是相当不充实的。4.Theexplanationisprettythin.English-ChineseWrittenTranslation.Copyright(C)2006byWeiJianhuaAllRightsReservedbefore决不/还未来得及ratherthan宁可…也不愿unless如果不…until不到…的时候or(else)要不然/否则ifanything如果有什么不同(3)连词1.Theguerrillaswouldfighttodeathbeforetheysurrendered.2.Thetowerfelldownbeforemanypeopleescaped.3.Shewouldratherliveapoorlifethanisthemillionaire’swife.课堂练习（游击队员宁愿战斗到死，而决不投降。）（大楼倒塌时，许多人还未来得及撤离。）（她宁可受穷，也不愿做这位百万富翁的老婆。）English-ChineseWrittenTranslation.Copyright(C)2006byWeiJianhuaAllRightsReserved（4）副词little一点不barely几乎不/无遮蔽的hardly几乎不rarely不常/不平凡的seldom不常absently心不在焉地1.Wemaysafelysayso.2.——Theboyisquiteclever.——Exactly.我们这样说万无一失（或：错不了）。这孩子很聪明。一点没错。English-ChineseWrittenTranslation.Copyright(C)2006byWeiJianhuaAllRightsReservedlittle没有多少ignorance无知absence不在indoubt拿不准refusal不答应anythingbut概不/决不outofplace不恰当/不在适当位置(5)名词1.Thefailurewasthemakingofhim.2.Theoperationonlyjustsucceededanditwasfortunatethatwehadprovidedadditionalforces.这次不成功是他成功的基础。这次战役好不容易才取得胜利，也多亏我们增加了兵力。English-ChineseWrittenTranslation.Copyright(C)2006byWeiJianhuaAllRightsReserveduntil不到…时候without如果不/如果没有except不计在内pastalldoubt毫无疑问beneath不值得intheair未定/悬而未决(6)介词或短语1.Webelievethattheyoungergenerationwillproveworthyofourtrust.2.WhenPhilipmissedthelastbus,hewasatalosstoknowwhattodo.我们相信，年青一代将不会辜负我们的信任。非利普误了最后一班公共汽车，茫然不知该怎么办。English-ChineseWrittenTranslation.Copyright(C)2006byWeiJianhuaAllRightsReserved1.Wemustlosenotimeincarryingouttheplan.2.Youcannotbetoocarefulindoingthis.3.Ican’tknowhimmore.二.反面正译（反正翻译法）——即原文从反面表达，译文从正面表达。例：我们必须立即着手（或抓紧时间）执行这项计划。你们千万要加倍小心。我真是太了解他了。English-ChineseWrittenTranslation.Copyright(C)2006byWeiJianhuaAllRightsReserved1.Thedoubtwasstillunsolvedafterhisrepeatedexplanations._____________________________2.Hewasanindecisivesortofpersonandalwayscapricious.________________________________3.Hecarelesslyglancedthroughtheholeandgotaway.________________________________________4.Itwassaidthatsomeonehadsowndiscordamongthem.____________________________________5.Hemanifestedastrongdislikeforhisfather’sbusiness.________________________________________虽经他解释，疑团仍然存在。课堂练习他这个人优柔寡断，而且总是反复无常。他马马虎虎地看了看那张便条就走了。据说有人在他们中间搞挑拨离间。他对他父亲的行业表示出强烈的厌恶情绪。English-ChineseWrittenTranslation.Copyright(C)2006byWeiJianhuaAllRightsReserved6.Hespenthisfinallifeontwobowlsofsoupadayinasmall,darkroomwithoutbedandinworn-outclothes.参考译文一：他住在一间黑漆漆的小屋子里，衣衫褴褛，睡着地板，每天就靠两碗汤度日，直至永别于世。（中性表达）参考译文二：他住在一间黑漆漆的小屋子里，衣衫褴褛，睡着地板，每天就靠两碗汤吊命，直至一命乌呼。（贬义表达）