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30820148BUILDINGSCIENCEVol.30No.8Aug．20141002-8528201408-0122-08DOI10．13614/j．cnki．11-1962/tu．2014．08．0231231111．1001242．1008753．100054、、。、、。。0.5/m2≤D≤2.5/m2。。TU998.1AInfluenceofCrowDensityontheMovementSpeedonDifferentEgressPathsLIJunmei1HUCheng23LIYanfeng1LIUShanshan1XUPeng11．CollegeofArchitectureandCivilEngineeringBeijingUniversityofTechnologyBeijing1001242．StateKeyLaboratoryofEarthSurfaceProcesses＆ＲesourceEcologyBeijingNormalUniversityBeijing1008753．Safety＆EmergencyManagementLabBeijingMunicipalInstituteofLaborProtectionBeijing100054AbstractThespecificflowoftheegresspathsandthewalkingspeedofthepeoplearethekeyfactorsfortheevacuationtimepredictionunderemergencyconditions．Theresearchworksonthemovementbehavioralongthelevelpathsandstairsarereviewedinthispaperandtheevacuationtimefromahigh-risebuildingpredictedbydifferentresearchmodelsarecompared．Itisfoundthatlargedifferencesofthemovementspeedsexistunderthefreewalkingandhigher-densitymovementconditions．Forthelevelsurfacestheresultsarealmostsamewhenthecrowddensityisintherangeof0.5person/m2D2.5person/m2．Howeverforthewalkingupstairsduetosomanyinfluencefactorstheexistingmodelsaresodifferent．Keywordsmovementspeedhighdensitycrowdevacuationegresspathcrowddensity2014-04-162014-04-28“”512780188132011“”“”2012BAJ01B031974-lijunmei@bjut．edu．cn02AvailableSafeEgressTimeASETＲequiredSafeEgressTimeＲSET。ASET＞ＲSET1。。ＲSET、、、、。。、8。。。。、。。。。。。。。。1、。1=××、、2-4。。、、5-11。、、。、、、。。。。2。2050Togawa12。PredtechenskiiMilinskii13、、30.92/m2、HankinWright14、1964Older1.4m/s。4/m20.3m/s15Fruin516“”、、1969Pauls6-917、。。290.3m1983Polus3213018Haifa。Polus2.2/m21988Ando1120。NelsonMowrer13.8/m2。ThompsonMarchant19Ando11SIMULEX。。1.6m。、。2.1PredtechenskiiandMilinskiiP＆M2.1.1vLvL=1.867D14－6．333D13+7．233D12－3．617D1+0．951D1=NAp/WLsNAPm2WmLsm0＜D1≤0.92m2/m2。2.1.2、。1.vDvD=Xdown·vL2XdownXdown=0．775+0．44e－0．39Ddownsin5．16D1down－0．2242．vUvU=Xup·vL3XupXup=0．785+0．09e3．45Dupsin15．7D1up0．785－0．10sin7．85D1up+1．57{2.2Fruin2.2.10.2/m2≤D≤4.0/m24。vL=1．427－0．3549D4D/m2。fLD5。fL=1．427D－0．3549D252/m21.43/s/m0.72m/s。2.2.2、vD6vD=0．6502－0．0972D6fDD7fD=0．6502D－0．0972D270.2/m2≤D≤6.7/m2。3.3/m21.09/s/m0.325m/s。2.vUvU=0．564－0．0765D8fUD9。fU=0．564D－0．0765D290.2/m2≤D≤6.7/m2。3.7/m21.04/s/m0.28m/s。2.3NelsonandMowrerN＆MNelsonMowrer。0.54/m2≤D≤3.8/m210。v=1－0．266kD10k1。42181kk/mm/mm1902541.001782791.081653051.161653301.23、、、1.402.4PaulsPaulsvDfDD11、12。vD=1．08－0．29D11fD=1．26D－0．33D2121.91/m21.20/s/m0.52m/s。3。21-2222-23。、、90°。90°70%60%24。25。26-2728。291。30-32、、。33-342B、、—、—。。3.113。v=vmαA+βB+γ13vmm/s。A=1.32－0.82lnDB=3.0－0.76DD/m2α、β、γ、α=0.25～0.44β=0.014～0.088γ=0.15～0.26。3.23.2.1vLvL=－0.0057D4+0.0744D3－0.2745D2－0.0142D+1.567143.2.2vDvD=0.0022D5－0.0388D4+0.2506D3－0.6977D2－0.5888D+0.7042153.316。vD=0.52+1.01exp－1.12D16fDD17。fD=－0.03+1.10D－0.25D2170/m2≤D≤2.5/m2。2.167/m21.165/s/m。3.43.4.152130vL=－0.383D+1.50718fL=－0.007+1.556D－0.393D2193.4.2、1.vU=－0.221D+0.93920fU=0.056+0.717D－0.082D2212.vD=－0.383D+1.50722fD=0.149+0.774D－0.145D2233.53.5.1vL=－0.589D+1.68724fL=－0.407D2+1.332D+0.059253.5.2、1.vU=－0.132lnD+0.69026fU=－0.177D2+0.866D+0.033272.vD=－0.175D+0.94128fD=－0.265D2+1.089D+0.002294、、1、2。1、2、、、、。P＆M0.5/m2≤D≤2.5/m2162182。1.15～1.5/s/m。1.5/m2≤D≤3.0/m2。Ando1.0～1.25/s/m。。、、、。5。200m571000m252339。21.8m190mm250mm3.7m0.89m。m2934。tm=∑ni=mNi/fsm－1Wem－1+mts29Niifsm－1mm－1/s/mWem－1mm－1mtsts=L/vLmvm/s。501001502500、50007500。22。2s/250050007500N＆M96818582744Fruin93917562573Pauls88917062523Ando90617222540P＆M9041721253890417212538877169425112。。2。、。6、、。、、。、、、、。10.5～2.5/m2721301.15～1.5/s/m。21.5/m2≤D≤3.0/m2。Ando1.0～1.25/s/m。3。。。4、、、、。。。30、、、。1NelsonHEMorerFW．EmergencymovementC//DiNennoPJ．SFPEHandbookofFireProtectionEngineering3rdEditionQuincyMassachusettsNationalFireProtectionAssociation20023-286-3-2952ProulxG．MovementofpeopletheevacuationtimingC//DinennoPJ．TheSFPEHandbookofFireProtectionEngineering3rdEditionQuincyMassachusettsNationalFireProtectionAssociation20023-342-3-3663GwynneSGaleaEＲOwenMetal．AreviedofthemethodologiesusedinthecomputersimulationofevacuationfromthebuiltenvironmentJ．BuildingandEvironment199934741-7494GaleaEＲPerezGalparsoroJM．Acomputer-basedsimulationmodelforthepredictionofevacuationfrommass-transportvehiclesJ．FireSafetyJournal199422341-3665FruinJJ．DesignforpedestriansalevelofservicesD．NewYorkPolytechnicInstituteofBrooklyn19706PaulsJ．MovementofpeopleinbuildingevacuationsM．InHumanresponsetoTallBuildingsConwayDJDowdenHutchinsonandＲossStroudsburgPA1977281-2927PaulsJ．BuildingevacuationresearchfindingsandrecommendationsM．InFiresandHumanBehavior2ndEditionCanterD．ed．Fulton．London1980251-2758PaulsJL．Effective-widthmodelforevacuationflowinbuildingsC//ProceedingsofEngineeringApplicationsWorkshopBethesdaMD．BostonSocietyofFireProtectionEngineers1983215-329AlysonJannaBlair．TheeffectofstairwidthonoccupantspeedandflowofhighrisebuildingsD．MarylandUniversityofMaryland201010AndoKOtaHOkiT．ForecastingtheflowofpeopleinJapaneseJ．ＲailwayＲesearchＲeview19884588-1411TogawaK．ＲeportNo．14Ｒ．TokyoBuildingＲesearchInstitute195512PredechenskiiVMMilinskiiAI．PlanningforfoottrafficflowinbuildingsM．NewDelh