基于单片机的交通信号灯控制系统的设计

论文题目：基于单片机的交通信号灯控制系统的设计完成日期：指导教师签字：答辩小组成员签字：潍坊科技学院学士学位论文摘要I摘要当前随着社会经济快速发展，机动车数量呈现急速增长趋势，交通拥堵在许多城市已成为普遍现象。为了维护并保障一个安全有效的交通秩序，既方便人们的日常正常出行，又有利于现代物流的准确及时到达，这就使得交通信号灯控制系统的研究设计显得尤为重要。现如今以数字电路为主要内容的交通信号控制灯越来越不能适应日益严峻的交通压力，因此必须寻求一种能够在最大程度上提升交通路口通行效率的交通控制方案，以解决日趋严重的交通堵塞问题，使城市道路利用率更加合理和完善。现如今单片机以其微型化，高性能，系统响应速度快，可多次编程，各项功能扩展便捷及价格低廉等优势，获得了特别广泛的应用。本课题就是设计了一款基于单片机的交通灯控制系统。本次设计所选用的单片机是Atmel公司生产的AT89S52。该系统在具有基本的交通信号灯控制功能的基础上，还增加了倒计时显示功能，同时根据现实的交通实际情况以及借鉴长时间以来人们对交通控制的合理经验，又增加了通行时间手动设置和紧急情况特殊处理以及车流量检测控制等功能。本系统实用性强、操作简单、扩展功能强。关键词：交通灯，单片机，LED显示，车流量检测潍坊科技学院学士学位论文AbstractIIAbstractWiththecurrentrapideconomicdevelopment,thenumberofmotorvehiclesshowedarapidgrowthtrend,trafficjamsinmanycitieshasbecomeacommonphenomenoninordertomaintainasafeandefficienttransportprotectionorder,bothtofacilitatepeople'sdailynormaltravel,butalsoconducivetomodernlogisticsaccurateandtimely,whichmakesthestudyoftrafficsignalcontrolsystemdesignisveryimportant.Nowadaysdigitalcircuitasthemaincontentofthetrafficsignalcontrollightsincreasinglyunabletomeettheincreasinglyserioustrafficpressureandthereforemustseekawaytoenhancetrafficcontroltrafficintersectiontrafficefficiencyprogramstothemaximumextentinordertosolvetheincreasinglyserioustrafficcongestionproblems,makethecityamorerationalutilizationandimprovementofroads.SCMisnowinitsminiaturization,highperformance,fastsystemresponsecanbeprogrammedrepeatedly,theconvenientandinexpensiveextensionsandotheradvantages,accesstoawiderangeofspecialapplications.Theissueisthedesignofamicrocontroller-basedtrafficlightcontrolsystem.ThisdesignwaschosenmicrocontrollerproducedbyAtmelAT89S52.Thesystemhasafoundationofbasiccontrolfunctionsonthetrafficlights,butalsoincreasedthecountdowndisplay,whiletheactualtrafficsituationbasedonrealpeopleandreasonabletrafficcontrolexperience,andincreasethelongpassageoftimesincethereferencemanualsettingsandemergencycasespecialtreatmentanddetectionoftrafficcontrolandotherfunctions.Thesystemispractical,simpleoperation,expandstrongfunction.Keywords:trafficlight，trafficdetection，microcontroller，LEDdisplay潍坊科技学院学士学位论文目录III目录1绪论..................................................................................................................11.1研究背景及意义.............................................................................................................11.2国内外研究现状.............................................................................................................12交通控制基本理论及单片机概述......................................................................32.1交通信号灯及其控制方式.............................................................................................32.2单片机概述.....................................................................................................................43系统硬件设计与实现..........................................................................................53.1AT89S52单片机.............................................................................................................53.1.1AT89S52单片机简介........................................................................................53.1.2单片机的引脚分布及功能...................................................................................63.1.3AT89S52最小系统与实现.................................................................................73.2子程序模块硬件设计与实现.........................................................................................83.2.1槽型光耦检测器...................................................................................................83.2.2红外对射管...........................................................................................................83.2.3倒计时显示功能设计与实现...............................................................................83.2.4信号灯显示功能设计与实现.............................................................................103.2.5按键控制功能设计与实现.................................................................................103.2.6车辆违规检测功能设计与实现.........................................................................114系统软件设计....................................................................................................124.1主程序设计流程...........................................................................................................124.2子程序模块设计...........................................................................................................134.2.1状态灯显示程序.................................................................................................134.2.2车流量检测子程序.............................................................................................144.2.3紧急情况处理子程序.........................................................................................154.2.4违规检测子程序.................................................................................................16结论.....................................................................................................................17潍坊科技学院学士学位论文目录IV参考文献......................................................................................