虚拟语气定义:虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,不是事实或与事实相反。陈述语气祈使语气动词的语气非真实条件句中的虚拟语气名词性从句中的虚拟语气虚拟语气特殊句型中的虚拟语气虚拟语气需特别注意的情况用法:一.IF引导的虚拟句式if从句主句现在did/(be一般用were)would/could/should/might+do过去haddonewould/could/should/might+havedone将来did/(be一般用were)shoulddoweretodowould/could/should/might+do注意;混合虚拟(1)不同时间的虚拟:Ifhehadlistenedtome,hewouldnotbeintroublenow.Ifhehadtoldmeyesterday,Ishouldknowwhattodonow.(2)虚拟与陈述的混合:Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn’tcarefulenough.Youshouldhavecomeearlier,thebusleftamomentago.二.名词性从句中的虚拟语气:从句谓语动词(should)+do1.主语从句:itis+adj+that结构advisable适当的、合适的regretful遗憾的ordered命令anxious忧虑、焦急的regretful遗憾的recommended推荐appropriate适当的right正确、恰当的requested要求better较好的strange奇怪的required建议desirable理想的surprising惊奇的名词essential紧要的urgent紧迫的duty职责imperative迫切的vital极其重要的nosurprise不奇怪important重要的分词nowonder不足为奇insistent坚持的decided决定pity遗憾natural自然的demanded要求regret后悔、遗憾necessary必要的desired想往shame羞耻、不像话2.宾语从句:主语+要求接虚拟语气的动词+thatadvise劝告desire渴望require要求、请求ask要求intend打算recommend推荐command命令insist坚持request要求decide决定order命令suggest建议demand要求、需求prefer宁愿urge主张determine决定propose提议一个坚持:insist两个命令:order;command两个决定:decide;determine三个建议:suggest;advise;propose四个要求:demand;ask;request;require注意:①suggest:暗示;insist:坚持说(不虚拟)②except,believe,thinksuspect等动词的否定形式或疑问句后面的宾语从句要用虚拟。Ineverthoughtthatheshouldbesuchabraveyoungsolider③should竟然Iamgladthatyournovelshouldhavewonthefirstprize.④wish引导从句的虚拟语气,谓语动词变化和if从句虚拟语气一样。Wish可以用以下结构:wish+主语+would/shouldhavedone3.表语从句、同位语从句advice劝告necessity必要性requirement要求decision决议order命令recommendation推荐desire愿望proposal提议resolution决心、决议demand要求preference选择suggestion建议idea主意、想法request要求三、其他用法一、名词性从句的虚拟语气中,表示建议、命令、要求的含义是,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用:should+do。should可以省略。但是:insist意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气;意为“坚持某种观点,某个事实”则不用虚拟语气。Heinsistsheisastudent.他坚持说他是个学生(表示的是事实,因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气)suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气,意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。Hisfacesuggeststhathelooksworried.他的表情暗含着他很担心(本身是事实,因此它就没有用到虚拟语气)二、evenif,eventhough所引导的让步状语从句中与现在事实相反:从句may/might+动词原形,may/might可以省略,与过去事实相反:从句haddone类似的词有though/eventhough/whatever/however/solongas;主、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同Evenifhewereherehimself,heshouldnotknowwhattodo.即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。(事实:他没来)NobodycouldsavehimeventhoughHuaTuoshouldcomehere.即使华佗在世也救不了他。(事实:华佗不在世)三、含蓄的虚拟语气:but/butfor,or,inthatcase,without,otherwise,四、wouldrather,hadrather,wouldsooner等后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不符的一种愿望,其虚拟语气结构为:过去had+doneI'dratheryouhadseenthefilmyesterday.我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。现在did/wereI'dratheryouwereherenow.我倒想你现在在这儿。将来did/wereWe'dratheryouwentheretomorrow.我们倒想你明天去那儿五、wish后宾语从句1、表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词:did/wereIwishIhadyourbrains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实:我根本比不上你)2、表示与过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词:had+doneIwishIhadknownthetruthofthematter.我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。(事实:那时还不知道)3、表示将来难以实现的愿望。谓语动词:would/could/should/might+动词原形IwishIshouldhaveachanceagain.我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。(事实:很难再有这样的机会了)(ifonly引导的感叹句和asif/asthough引导的状语从句也有相同用法)ifonly…若是…该多好啊;真希望…与现在事实相反,从句谓语:did/were与过去事实相反,从句谓语:haddoneIfonlyshehadlivedalittlelonger.couldhavedoneIfonlyshecouldhavelivedalittlelonger.将来可能性不大,从句谓语:would/could/should/might+doasif,asthough有时候引导虚拟语气与现在事实相反,从句谓语动词:did/were与过去事实相反,从句谓语动词:haddone将来可能性不大,从句谓语动词:would/could/should/might+do六、目的状语从句1、在forfearthat,incase,lest引导的从句中,若用虚拟语气时,从句谓语为:(should)+do。Sheexaminedthedooragainforfearthatathief(should)comein.她又把门检查了一遍,以防盗贼的进入。Hestartedoutearlierlesthe(should)belate.他早早的就出发了以防迟到。2、sothat,inorderthat所引导目的状语从句中,从句中谓语为:can/could/may/might/will/would/should+doHegoesclosertothespeakersothathecanhearhimclearer.他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。Hereadthelettercarefullyinorderthatheshouldnotmissaword.他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个字。七、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中,表示:“早该做某事了”时,谓语动词须用虚拟语气,从句虚拟语气结构:Itis(high/about)timethat+主语+动词的过去式should+do(should不可省,且优先使用动词过去式)Itistimeforsb.todosth.ItistimethatIwenttopickupmydaughteratschool.我该去学校接我的女儿了。Itishightimeyoushouldgotowork.你早该上班了。Itis(thefirst/second/third…)timethat从句谓语动词用havedoneItwas(thefirst/second/third…)timethat从句谓语动词用haddone八、固定搭配1.Wereitnotfor…“要不是……”与现在事实相反:Wereitnotforyourhelp,Iwouldneverbeagoodboss.2.Haditnotbeenfor…“当时要不是”与过去事实相反:Haditnotbeenforyou,Iwouldhavelostmyway.3.Whatif“要是…该怎么办?”if从句谓语用shoulddo:Whatifitshouldrainheavilytomorrow?4.Wouldyoumind+if“你介不介意,如果……”从句谓语多用did:WouldyoumindifIopenedthewindow?辨别would,could,should,mightWould必然的结果Could能够Might可能的结果Should在主句中,它的主语只能是第一人称I或we