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虚拟语气;名词性从句;定语从句;非谓语动词;倒装语序(这五大项排名不分先后),一般直接考2分左右;下面还有时态与语态2分-1分,情态动词+havedone1分,主谓一致要考1分,强调句句型1分。定语从句、名词性从句、非谓语动词的掌握不仅对于词汇结构直接考查有意义,而且更为重要的是对于阅读理解意义相当重大;有些语法知识比如虚拟语气、倒装、强调句句型、主谓一致、反义疑问句则主要对于词汇结构题直接考意义重大;有些语法知识诸如并列平行结构、状语从句、插入结构、it指代用法、比较结构则主要对于阅读理解有重大意义。一.定语从句考什么:which引导的非限制性定语从句,一级考点定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引起的,在句子中充当定语成分,来修饰名词、代词或句子。定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词称为先行词。Thenewpointswhichthepresidentstressedinhisreportareveryimportantindeed.(定语从句、关系代词、先行词)ThatisthereasonwhyIamnotinfavorofrevisingtheplan.(定语从句、关系代副词、先行词)所有从句都是由连接词引出来的,定语从句的连接词被叫做关系代词、关系副词。具体而言,有以下几种情况一.关系代词关系代词先行词关系代词所作成分例句that人或物主、宾、表1which物或整句话主、宾(动词宾语、介词宾语)2who人主3whom人宾4whose人或物定语(相当于先行词的所有格)5as人或物或整句话主语、宾语6例句:1Oneshouldnotplantagardenthatistoolargeforhimtocarefor.(06阅读1)2.Becauseoftheirfrequentwars,manyoftheirinventionswerenomorethanimprovementsinthedesignofGreekweaponswithwhichtheywerefamiliar.(06阅读2)3Therearealotofwomenwhowilldothejobaswellasmen.(06阅读2)Anyonewhobroughthissleepingbagandcookingequipmentalongcouldstaythereforaverysmallquantityofmoney.(03月度2,P48).4Hesawthemanagertalkingwithsomebodywhomhedidn’tknow.5Manypeoplewhosepossessionsweredestroyedinnaturaldisasterseventuallyconsideredtheirlossasablessing.(06CET-6,12)6Asisoftenthecase,themoreyouuseyourbrain,themoreactiveitwillbecome.关系代词使用的几种特别规定:That1)先行词是不定代词,常见有all,much,any,something,anything等;2)先行词被all,any,every,some,(a)few,(a)little修3)先行词被最高级、序数词、theonly/next/same/very修饰时;4)先行词既包括人,又包括物时。5)只用which:介词后、引导非限制性定语从句只能用which。介词+which既可以引导限制性定语从句,也可以引导非限制性定语从句,该结构中介词的选择取决于从句谓语动词的固定搭配,也取决于先行词的习惯搭配。Itiswrittenbyapersonwithwhomweareallfamiliar.Thisisthecomputeronwhichhespentallhissavings.6)关系代词省略情况:that、which引导定语从句作宾语可以省略。但以下情况不可省略:第一,引导非限制性定语从句中,即使作宾语which也不能省略。第二,关系代词紧跟介词后,作介词宾语,此时一不可用that,只可用which或whom引导定语从句,并且不可省略;但当介词谓语定语从句句末时,作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that,也可以省略。Thisisoneofthethingswithwhichwehavetoputup.Thisisoneofthethings(that/which)wehavetoputupwith.二.关系副词关系副词与先行词关系在从句中所作成分when先行词是表示时间的名词,相当于介词+which.状语where先行词是表示地点的名词,相当于介词+which状语why先行词是表示理由的名词(reason),相当于for+which.状语1DoAmericanshavethecapacityandvisiontoremovethesestructuralbarriersthatdenydemocraticrightsandopportunities?(06CET4阅读)2.Cultureshockisanoccupationaldiseaseforpeoplewhohavebeensuddenlytransplantedabroad(04转本P61阅读4)3Forprimitivemen,activityduringthedaymeanthuntingandattacking,inwhichhesoonsawasred,thecolorofbloodandfire.(05转本P70阅读1)4Thecurriculumconsistedmainlyoftheclassicallanguages,andthepurposeofthiskindofschoolwasthepreparationofboysforcollege,wheremostofthemwouldbefittedfortheministry.第二章名词性从句考什么:that、what引导的名词性从句,一级考点。所谓名词性从句,就是把这个句子当作名词使用,并在句子中充当一定的句子成分:主语、同位语、表语、宾语。做什么成分,这个名词性从句就是相应的主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句、宾语从句。一主语从句:在句子中担当主语的是一个句子,这个句子就叫做主语从句。Howthishappenedisstillaquestion.Itisclearthathehasgone.所有从句都是由连接词引出来的,主语从句的连接词有以下几种情况:连词thatwhether(that在从句中没有任何意义,不作任何成分,但不可省略)连接代词What,whatever,who,whoever连接副词When,where,how,why注意考点:1Inthenewcountry,thatwomengoouttoworkandaddtothefamilyincomeisanewpatternoffamilylife.2Whatrefrigerationdidpromotewasmarketing—marketinghardwareandelectricity,marketingsoftdrinks,marketingdeadbodiesofanimalsaroundtheglobeinsearchofagoodprice.(P81,test3).直接作为单向选择题出现的名词性从句考点有两处:第一,主语从句;第二,同位语从句。而主语从句直接考点最重要的就是关于that/what区分问题。同位语连接词that不作任何成分,没有任何意义,但在引导主语从句时不可省略。注意:名词性从句中的that与定语从句中的that有着明显的差别:作不作成分,有没有指代。二同位语从句读例子说问题:同位语、同位语从句、同位语连接词。1.Theideathatwecaninvitehimtomorrowisquitegood.2Therumorthatthere’llbeearthquakesoonspreadalloverthearea.3Thegeneralgavetheorderthatthesoldiersshouldcrosstheriveratonce.4Afteracoupleofrounds,theonly,lastandseriousquestionremainswhetherourteamcanwinthemajorityofthepeople.转本考点:1后面常接同位语从句的抽象名词Belief,certainty,concept,doubt,evidence,explanation,fact,hope,idea,news,order,promise,proof,question,rumor,thought等。2分隔情况有时,由that引导的同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面,而被谓语动词等隔开。Informationhasbeenputforwardthatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.3注意区分that引导的同位语从句和定语从句的区别Thesuggestionthatsheshouldstayintheroomisgood.Thesuggestionthatshehasgivenatthemeetingisgood.That在第一个句子中引导的是同位语从句,没有意义,不作成分,但不可省略。三表语从句如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导标语从句,不可用because。Thereasonwhysomanypeoplediedthereisthattherewerenotenoughfoodsupplies.第三章非谓语动词考什么?1不定式的省略to情况,不定式的被动式、完成式;2涉及到固定搭配需要使用的动名词形式;3过去分词与现在分词作状语时候的比较选择;4独立主格结构。非谓语动词是指那些在句中不能单独充当句子谓语成分的动词形式。基本形式有四种:不定式、动名词、分词和独立主格结构。一不定式考点不定式构成to+do(动词原形)。1不定式的时态与语态时态语态主动被动一般式Todo:wherecanwegetsomesicklestocutthericewith.表示不定式动作与谓语动词动作同时或在其后发生。Tobedone完成式Tohavedone:Mrs.BrownissupposedtohaveleftforItalylastweek.表示1:不定式动作、状态发生于谓语之前。2表示将来某一时刻之前不定式表示的动作、状态完成We’releavingatsixinthemorning,andhopetohavedonemostofthejourneybylunchtime.Tohavebeendone进行式Tobedoing完成进行式Tohavebeendoing:Hewashappytohavebeenstayingwithhisuncle.不定式动作在谓语动作之前发生,但仍在持续进行。注意tohavedone的特殊考点:(1)shouldlike/wouldlike/love+tohavedone,表示过去未实现的动作;I’dliketohavegonewithyouonyourhikelastweekend,butIwastoobusy.(2)在wish,intend,mean,expect,pretend,plan,think等表示“打算”“计划”等含义的过去时动词后面,接tohavedone也表示动作没有实现。Iintendedtohavelimitedmyresearchtowastewatertreatment,butIwasaskedtodealwithotherproblemstoo.2n+todo+介词Ihaven’tdecidedwhichhoteltostayat.3d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