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专题10非谓语动词专题10┃非谓语动词点睛在句中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种形式：不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词)。┃考点直击┃1．作主语。不定式作主语时，谓语动词用单数，通常用于it作形式主语的句型中。如：It'simpossibleforustofinishtheworkwithin3days.对于我们来说，在三天之内完成工作是不可能的。1不定式的用法专题10┃非谓语动词2．作表语。不定式放在be动词后面作表语。如：Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.我的工作是每天打扫房间。Ourplanistokeeptheaffairsecret.我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。3．作定语。不定式作定语时通常要放在被修饰的词后，作后置定语。如：Ihavealotofhouseworktodoeveryday.我每天都有许多家务活要做。专题10┃非谓语动词[注意]有些不及物动词的不定式作定语时，不定式动词后要加一个适当的介词。如：Ihavearoomtolivein.我有房间住。4．作状语，表明目的、原因等。如：Icomehereonlytosaygood－byetoyou.我来这仅仅是向你告别。(目的状语)5．作宾语。能接不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有want,like,wish,hate,prefer,hope,continue,manage,try,ask,offer,start,forget,promise,mean,pretend,begin,decide,learn,agree,choose,expect等。另外，tell,advise,show,teach,findout,decide,discuss,learn,forget等动词常用一个带连接代(副)词的不定式作宾语。如：专题10┃非谓语动词Sheconsideredhowtoanswerthequestion.她考虑如何回答这个问题。[注意]在个别的介词后可用“连接代(副)词＋不定式”这种结构作宾语。如：Everyonehashisownideaofhowtodoit.如何做这件事每个人都有不同的看法。6．作宾语补足语。不定式在使役动词let,make,have和感官动词see,hear,watch,notice,feel,find等后作宾语补足语要省略to。如：Theteacherletuscopythenewwordstentimes.老师让我们抄写10遍生词。Hetoldmenottolookdownonthedisabled.他告诉我不要瞧不起残疾人。专题10┃非谓语动词2动名词的用法1．作主语。如：Playingcomputergamestoomuchisbadforyoureyes.过度地玩电脑游戏对你的眼睛有害。2．作宾语。(1)常见的接动名词的动词或短语有consider,dislike,enjoy,feellike,finish,giveup,imagine,keep,mind,miss,practise,putoff,suggest,can'thelp(情不自禁),can'tstand(无法忍受)等。如：Jackenjoyslisteningtomusic.杰克喜欢听音乐。专题10┃非谓语动词(2)既可接动名词作宾语，又可以接动词不定式作宾语的动词或短语有forget,goon,mean,regret,remember,stop,try等，但意义上有区别。如：Irememberdoingtheexercise.我记得做过练习。(已做)Imustremembertodoit.我必须记着做这事。(还未做)Itriednottogothere.我设法不去那里。Itrieddoingitagain.我试着又做了一次。Stopspeaking.不要讲话。Hestoppedtotalk.他停下来讲话。专题10┃非谓语动词(3)lookforwardto,beusedto,bebusy，havedifficulty/trouble/problem(in)，haveagood/wonderful/hardtime(in)等动词短语及about,of,for等介词后也必须接动名词形式。如：Ilookforwardtohearingfromyousoon.我盼望早点收到你的来信。I'msorryforcominglate.对不起我来晚了。专题10┃非谓语动词3．作表语。如：Myhobbyismakingallkindsofkites.我的爱好是制作各种各样的风筝。4．作定语。如：Therearethreereadingroomsinourschool.我们学校有三个阅览室。专题10┃非谓语动词3分词的用法分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词表示主动，说明动作正在进行；过去分词表示被动，说明动作已经完成。1．作定语。单个分词作前置定语；分词短语作后置定语。如：Thebuildingbuiltlastyearwasdesignedbymyuncle.那栋去年建造的大楼是我的叔叔设计的。专题10┃非谓语动词2．作表语。如：Thefilmisinteresting.I'minterestedinit.这部电影很有趣。我对它感兴趣。3．作状语。如：Laughingandtalking,theywentintotheroom.他们有说有笑地走进了房间。4．作宾语补足语。分词作宾语补足语，通常位于感官动词和使役动词之后。如：I'llhavemyhaircut.我想把我的头发理一下。专题10┃非谓语动词1．Studentsshouldlearnhow________problems.A.solveB．solvingC．cansolveD．tosolve2．[2013·雅安]—Canyoufinish________thesebooksbefore10o'clock?—Yes,Ican.A.toreadB．readC．readsD．reading3．[2013·内江]OurEnglishteacheroftensaystous,“________Englishwellisveryimportant.”A.LearnB．LearningC．LearnedD．TolearningDD┃考点过关┃B专题10┃非谓语动词4．[2013·十堰]Howkindyouare!Youalwaysdowhatyoucan________others.A.helpB．helpingC．helpsD．tohelp5．[2013·黄冈]—Howisyourgrandma?—She'sfine.Sheusedto________TVathomeaftersupper.Butnowsheisusedto________outforawalk.A.watch;goB．watching;goC．watching;goingD．watch;goingDD专题10┃非谓语动词1．Ifpricerisestoohigh,thegovernmenthastodosomething________it.A．stopB．stoppedC．stoppingD．tostop[解析]动词不定式在句中作目的状语，说明采取措施的目的是阻止物价上涨。故选D。D┃语法专练┃专题10┃非谓语动词2．Whattimedoyouexpecther________？A．arriveB．isarrivingC．arrivingD．toarrive[解析]expectsbtodosth意为“期望/期待某人做某事”，故选D。D专题10┃非谓语动词3．Thismathproblemistoodifficult.Canyoushowme________，George?A．whattoworkoutB．toworkitoutC．howtoworkitoutD．howtoworkoutit4．LiMingadvisedme________toomuch.A．nottodrinkB．todrinkC．notdrinkingD．tonotdrink[解析]advisesbnottodosth意为“建议某人不要做某事”。AC专题10┃非谓语动词5．[2012·丽水]Todaypeopleareencouragedto________paper,plasticandwaterforabetterenvironment.A．useB．wasteC．recycleD．makeC[解析]encouragesbtodosth意为“鼓励某人做某事”，recycle意为“循环利用”。专题10┃非谓语动词6．[2013·杭州]She'snotstrongenough________walkingupmountains.A．togoB.goingC．goD.went7．[2013·衢州]Manychildrenareleftaloneinthecountryside.Let'stryourbest________them.A．helpB.helpingC．tohelpD.helpsAC专题10┃非谓语动词8．[2013·青岛]—Excuseme.Couldyoupleasetellme________mycar?—Sure.Parkitrighthere.I'llhelpyou.A．howtostopB.wheretoparkC．wheretostopD.whentopark9．—Doyouknowwhyheleftsoearly?—________fortheEnglishtest,Iguess.A．TostudyB．StudyC．StudiedD．StudyingBA专题10┃非谓语动词10．—Ioftenhavehamburgersforlunch.—You'dbetternot.It'sbadforyou________toomuchjunkfood.A．eatB．toeatC．eatingD．ate[解析]it为形式主语，动词不定式“toeattoomuchjunkfood”是真正的主语。B专题10┃非谓语动词11．Planyourtimecarefullyandmakesureyouhavesometime________whatyoulikeeveryday.A．doB．todoC．doingD．done[解析]动词不定式短语“todowhatyoulikeeveryday”作目的状语。B专题10┃非谓语动词12．Goon________theotherexerciseifyouwanttobehealthier.A．doingB．tobedoingC．todoD．with[解析]根据句中的“theotherexercise”可知此题考查短语goontodosth意为“继续做……(和前一件事不同)”。C13．[2013·滨州]—Wouldyoulike________campingwithme?—I'dliketo.ButI'mbusy________myhomework.A．togo;todoB.togo;doingC．going;todoD.going;doingB专题10┃非谓语动词14．—Whyareyousoexcited?—Peterinvitedme________onatriptoYuntaiMountain.A．togoB．goC．goingD．went[解析]invitesbtodosth意为“邀请某人做某事”，todosth作宾语补足语。A专题10┃非谓语动词15．ThemostimportantthingIwanttodois________．A．findagoodjobB．tofindagoodjobC．findingagoodjobD．foundagoodjob[解析]此题考查不定式作表语的用法。B专题10┃非谓语动词16．Itiswrongofyou_