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1.宾语从句：1.主句若是一般现在时，从句根据实际情况用适当时态。Hesays(that)hewillhaveawalksoon.Theteacheraskswhoisthecleverestintheschool.Iwanttoknowwhocameherelatethismorning.2.主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时。HewonderedifIwouldcome.Shetoldmethathersonhadgotwell.ShesaidthatshelikedwatchingTV.WethoughtJimwaswrong.3.无论主句是何时态，从句若表客观真理，要用一般现在时。Mr.Lisaidthemoonissmallerthantheearth.4宾语从句无论有何引导词，都要用陈述句语序。CouldyoutellmewhenyouwillgetbacktoWuhan?（不是willyou）Doyouknowwhichsweatersheiswearing?(不是isshe)2.状语从句：1主句若是一般将来时、祈使句或含不表过去的情态动词等，则if(如果),unless(除非)，when(当…的时候),assoonas(一…就…)，before,after,until,till,as(当…的时候)所引导的状语从句用一般现在时。Youmaytakearestwhenyoufinishdoingyourwork.IwillcallyouupifIleaveforShanghainextweek.Waitforyourbrotheratthebusstationuntilhearrives.2而主句若是一般过去时，从句也要用过去时，如：IwouldgivethemoneytothecharityifIhadamilliondollars.Whenhegottothepark,hisclassmateshadleft.Mysonrantowardsmeassoonashesawmeonthestreet.3.定语从句：关系代词who只指人，which只指物。that既可指人又可指物。whose后必须跟有名词，既指人，也可指物。关系词作主语时，不可省略，作宾语时可省略。whom只指人，只作宾语。关系副词where指“在那里”，when指“在那时”。Sheisagirlwho/thatisbeautifulandkind-hearted.Sheisagirl(who/whom/that)Iknowverywell.Thatboywhosehairisverylongismybrother.(所属)Thegirlwhoistallismysister./Iownabikewhosepriceishigh.Iboughtawatch(which/that)Ipaid100yuanfor.（指物）Ipreferaplacewhich/thatiscleanandquiet.IpreferaplacewhereIcanliveaquietlife.（在这儿）Ishallneverforgetthedaywhenaboyhelpedmefindmydog.4.wish和hope:1wish可接todosth./sbtodosth./that从句.IwishtospendmysummerholidayinQingdao.IwishyoutojoinmypartythisSunday.Iwish(that)Icouldbeascientist.2hope接todosth.或that从句.但不接sbtodosth.Ihopetoreceivealetterfromyousomeday.Ihope(that)everythinggoeswell./Ihopeyouwillgetwellsoon.5.thanksfor和thanksto:Thanksforyourhelpingmewiththework.(表达对对方为自己做了某事的感谢，后无补充的结果。)Thankstoyoursuggestion,Ididn’tmakesuchmistakes.(表达感谢由于某方所做的有利的事，出现了后面的结果。)6.感官动词用法之一：see,hear,listento,watch,notice,feel等词，后接宾语，再接动词原形/动词ing,分别表示全过程和正在进行。句中有频率词时，以上的词也常跟动词原形。IheardsomeoneknockingatthedoorwhenIfellasleep.(正进行)Iheardsomeoneknockatthedoorthreetimes.(听的是全过程)Ioftenwatchmyclassmatesplayvolleyballafterschool.(频率词)若以上词用于被动语态，后面原有动词原形改为带to不定式：Wesawhimgointotherestaurantwithhiswife.→Hewasseentogointotherestaurantwithhiswife.7.感官动词用法之二：look,sound,smell,taste,feel可当系动词，后接形容词。Helooks.Itsoundsgood.Theflowerssmellbeautil.Thesweetstastesweet.Thesilkfeelssoft.Ifelttired.这些动词不用于被动语态。Thesweetsaretastedsweet.是错误的。注意：如果加介词like,则后不可接形容词，而接名词或代词：Helookslikehismother.Thatsoundslikeagoodidea.Itsmellslikeaflower.Ittasteslikesalt.8.find和think部分用法:+宾语+宾语补足语。(代替宾从)宾补有以下情况：1.名词短语，Johnfoundhissonacleverboy.2.形容词短语，Mrs.Smiththinksherhusbandkindoflazy.3.有时宾补后可接带to不定式，Ifoundithardtofoolthegirl.9.wouldlike/want/feellike:1wouldlike，和want类似：◇都可接名词短语：Iwouldlike/wantanotherthreedesks.◇都可接带to不定式：Iwouldlike/wanttogooutforawalk.◇都可接sb,然后再跟带to不定式:Iwouldlikeyoutogivemeahand.2feellike:◇后也可接名词短语：Doyoufeellikesometea?◇后若接动词，须用动词ing形式：Doyoufeellikehavingawalk?Idon’tfeellikedrinkingtea.【feellike常用于疑问句或否定句中。】10.词序易错的短语：1形容词修饰不定代词或不定副词，形容词在后面。Isthereanythingdeliciousinthefridge?Nothingserious.Thereissomethingwrongwiththecomputer.Iwanttogosomewherewarm.2else修饰疑问词和不定代词、不定副词，也放在后面。Whatelsecanyouseeinthepicture?Whoelseisintheroom?Doyouhaveanythingelsetosay?Whereelsecanyouseeit?3enough修饰形容词和副词，enough放在后面。Thissweaterischeapenough.Nemoisoldenoughtowork.Heranfastenoughtocatchupwiththedog.11.对“评价”、“天气”的提问之区别：1Whatdoyouthinkof…?=Howdoyoulike…?“你对…怎么看？”(How…?句中有like，是动词。)2What’stheweatherlikein…?=Howistheweatherin…?“…的天气什么样?”(What…?句中有like，是介词“像”。)12.take,cost,pay,spend区别：1It+take+sb+sometime+todosth.Ittookushalfanhourtocutdownthetree.2物+cost+sb+钱:Thebagcostmethirtyyuan.(cost,cost,cost)若cost后无sb,则译作“价钱是”：Thebagcosts30Yuan.3人+pay+sb+钱+forsth:Ipaidtheseller200Yuanforthebike.(pay,paid,paid).(pay后所加内容可视具体情况取舍。)4人+spend+时间/钱+onsth/(in)doingsth.Thegirlspenttwohours(in)searchingtheInternet.Thegirlalwaysspendsmuchmoneyonherclothes.spend有时可指“度过”：spendholiday/weekends/winter13.双宾结构：pass/give/teach/offer/lend/send/sell/call/show/buy/ask/tell/build等可加双宾结构。即后接sb+sth.其中pass,give,offer,lend,send,sell,show等可接sth+tosb.buy,build等可接sth+forsb.另外，若sth是代词时，不用双宾结构。Pleasepassittome.14.部分词作连词与介词：（连词接句子，介词接名词或代词）Keepcarelwhenyouarelisteningtotheteacher.（连词）Keepcarelwhenlisteningtotheteacher.（介词）类似的，while,than,before,after,as,since,until等。如：I’llwaituntilIhearfromher.（连词）I’llwaituntilnextFriday.（介词）15.动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之一:1.动词ed作形容词：表示被动或已发生,常作定语。TheboynamedPeterismyfriend.那个叫做彼得的男孩是我的朋友。划线部分起修饰作用，下同。He’seatingfriedchicken.他在吃炸鸡。Thereisnotimeleft.IhavereadanovelwrittenbyLuXun.我读了一部鲁迅写的小说。Helivesinahousebuilttwentyyearsago.2.动词ing作形容词：表示正进行或功能，常作定语。theingboy,arunningbus,therisingsun,abusrunningontheroad,theboyinginthecorner(正进行)asittingroom,thesleepingcar,thebathingsuit(功能)16.动词ed与动词ing作形容词用法之二：和心理感受有关，但ed修饰人，ing常修饰物。Ifeltsurprisedathiswords.Howexcitingthefilmis!/Iwanttogotoaplacewhichisrelaxing.17.动词ing和带to不定式作主语：Tobeateacherismydream.Workinghardbringsyousuccess.Takingcareofourenvironmentisveryimportant.Toplanttreesmakesmehappy.（谓语用单数）Readingbooksgivesyouknowledge.(谓语用单数)Listeningandwritingarebothdifficult.(谓语用复