高中虚拟语气简单明了讲解(易懂-有趣)

遵义师范学院吕华英制作LotteryUpstartapersonwhohassuddenlyrisentoahighereconomicstatusbuthasnotgainedsocialacceptanceofothersinthatclassIfyouwinthelotterynow,whatwillyoudo?FarrariluxurycastleSubjunctiveMood•虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式•amoodthatrepresentanactorstate(notasafactbut)ascontingentorpossible一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等；一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议DefinitionSubjunctiveMood(虚拟语气）虚拟语气Types（一）、真实条件句与虚拟条件句对比真实条件句Ifyoutouchme,Iwillscream.（《大学英语深层语法》王国栋2005）如果你摸我，我就尖叫。（这是真的）Ifyouarehappy,youwillmakeothershappy.（《大学英语深层语法》王国栋2005）如果你现在快乐，你也能使其他人快乐。Ifhetoldyouthatlastnight,Johnwaslying.（《大学英语深层语法》王国栋2005）如果约翰昨夜跟你那样说了，那他是在撒谎。（真的说过了）Ifulovesomeone,uwillknoweverythingaboutherwithoutaskingher;ifudon’tlovesomeone,uwillforgeteverythingevenifshetoldueverything.如果你爱一个人，你会了解她的一切，而不需要问她；如果你不爱一个人，即使她告诉你她的一切，你也还是会忘（1）、与现在事实相反的非真实条件句•IfIwereabird,Iwouldflytoyou.（《大学英语深层语法》王国栋2005）•（暗含的否定是：I’mnotabird,soIcan’tflytoyou.•Ifitdidn’traintoday,wewouldgosightseeing.（《实用英语语法指南》周淑珍2005年）•（实际情况是：今天下雨了，所以我们就不能去观光了。）•IfMarywerehere,shemighthelpus.（《实用英语语法指南》周淑珍2005年）Ifyouwereateardrop;Inmyeye,Forfearoflosingyou,Iwouldnevercry.Andifthegoldensun,Shouldceasetoshineitslight,Justonesmilefromyou,Wouldmakemywholeworldbright.如果你是我眼里的一滴泪，为了不失去你，我将永不哭泣；如果金色的阳光停止了它耀眼的光芒，你的一个微笑将照亮我的整个世界。我们会发现，你永远不可能是我眼里的一滴泪，金色的阳光也永远不会停止照耀在这种条件句中，谓语动词一般用过去式。如果谓语动词时be动词的话，所有人称都用were，主句的谓语动词用would/could/might+动词原形a.Ifthepoliceman________(benot)inthatroomnow,it________(be)verydangerous.b.IfI____(be)inyourpositionatthistime,I_________(ask)forteacher’shelp.werenotcouldbewerewouldaskc.Ifthey____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.d.Iftheworld-war_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenPRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.Jack和Rose•IfIworkedhard,Imighthavemoney.•IfIhadalotofmoney,Icouldbuyaticket.•IfIboughtaticket,Iwouldbeonboard.•IfIwereonboard,IshouldsailforAmerica.ChinesetechnologyVSAmericantechnologyIfwehadstartedmakingmobilephoneearlier,wewouldhavemademoreexcellentcellphone.（2）、与过去事实相反的非真实条件句•Ifyouhadcomehereyesterday,youcouldhavebeenhim.（《实用英语语法指南》周淑珍2005年）•IfIhadtakenhisadvice,Iwouldn’thavemadesuchamistake.（《实用英语语法指南》周淑珍2005年）•Ifshehadnotbeenverybusyyesterday,shewouldhavecometoseeyou.（《实用英语语法指南》周淑珍2005年）在这种条件句中，谓语动词都用had+过去分词。如果条件句中谓语动词是be动词时，所有人称都用hadbeen，主句的动词都用would/could/should+have+过去分词Ifhe__________morecarefully,he_________________thecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehada.IfTom________(be)morecarefulintheexam,he________________(pass)italready.b.Ifyou_______(get)upearlier,you________________(catch)thefirsttrain.hadbeenwouldhavepassedhadgotwouldhavecaughtPRACTICE2:Fillintheblanksc.IfI_______(meet)youyesterday,we______________(go)totheconcerttogether.hadmetwouldhavegoneAnythingwillhappeninanytime•Ifwehadn’tbeenonboard,wewouldn’thavemetthisdisaster.•Iftheshiphadn’tstruckaniceberg,itwouldn’thavesunk.•Iftherehadbeenenoughlifeboats,wewouldhavegotontheboat.（3）、与将来事实相反的非真实条件句•这种条件句所表示是与将来的事实相反或者发生的可能性不大的条件。这种条件句中的谓语动词的形式可以用过去式，也可以用should+动词原形或wereto+动词原形。由于两种结构中主句的谓语动词形式一样，从句的谓语动词也相似，所以如果表示将来时，常常需要加上表示将来的时间状语，以表示区别。•例句：•Ifsheweretogetascholarshipnextyear,shecouldgoonforgraduatestudy.（《实用英语语法指南》周淑珍2005年）•Ifyoudidn’tcatchthetraintomorrowmorning,youmighttakethebus.（《实用英语语法指南》周淑珍2005年）•Ifitshouldraintomorrow,thebasketballmatchwouldbeputoff.（《实用英语语法指南》周淑珍2005年）•Howshouldwelikeitwerestarstoburn,•Withapassionforuswecouldnotreturn?•Ifequalaffectioncannotbe,•Letthemorelovingonebeme.•Wereallstarstodisappearordie,•Ishouldlearntolookatanemptysky,•Andfeelitstotaldarksublime,•Thoughthismighttakemealittletime.•倘若群星燃烧着关怀我们的激情，•我们却无法回报，我们做何感想？•倘若我们无法产生同样的感情，•让我成为更有爱心的人。•倘若所有的星星消失或者消亡，•我应该学会仰望空荡的天空；•同时感受天空一片漆黑的崇高，•虽然这样可能要花费一点时间。Ifyou’reJack,beforeyoudied,whatwouldyousaytoher?•BeforeJackdied,hesaid:•Rose,ifwewerealive，Iwouldmarryyousomeday.•Ifwemarried,wewouldliveahappylifeinthefuture.•1.Ifhe_________________（get）upearlytomorrow,he_______(be)ontime.•2.Ifyou____________________（get）afullmarknexttime,I___________(treat)youtoawonderfulperformance.•3.IfI______________________(live)inthetwenty-secondcentury,I______________(spend)myvacationinaverydifferentway.•4.Ifyou______________________(travel)tothemoononeday,you________________(find)itquitedifferentfromtheearth.条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去未来过去式(were)haddonewould/could/should/might+V.(原)would/could/should/might+havedone1.过去式2.should+V.(原)3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原)虚拟语气1.If型•如果我曾打开窗口•你的笑容是不是•已永久的停驻•如果我曾伸出双手•你的双手是不是•已将他们握住•如果我曾开口挽留•你的脚步是不是•不会那么匆匆如果我不曾言不由衷•所有的结局是不是•都会不同如果•如果我就这样•一直沉睡•是不是就能•磨灭了春夏秋冬••如果天就这样•一直黑着•那一颗露珠•是不是就能•凝结成晶莹的琥珀••那么如果我•从未曾来过•你是不是还会•从这条路经过