医学影像英语词汇

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医学影像英语词汇部位location:同侧ipsilateral;对侧contralateral;患侧affectedside;健侧intactside;近侧proximalside;远侧distalside;移位deviation,shift,displacement;无移位nondisplaced;抬高elevation;下降descent,fall;邻接abutting,nextto,secondaryto;二、范围extent:局限localized,regional;弥散diffuse;三、分布distribution:单侧unilateral;双侧bilateral,(in)both(lungfields);对称symmetric;不对称asymmetric;孤立solitary;散在scattered;融合confluence(confluent);中心性central;偏心性eccentric;周围的periphery,peripheral;主要predominantly,primarily;inasegmentalorlobardistribution;(sth)ontheleft;intheleftlowerzone;稀疏;集中;四、数目number:单发solitary,single;多发multiple;增多increase;减少decrease;消失disappear;五、大小size:大large;小small;扩大enlarge/enlargement;扩张dilatation;膨胀distention;缩小shrink;体积缩小lossofvolume;狭窄stenosis,narrowing;闭塞occlusion,obliteration,emphraxis;生长速率rateofgrowth;倍增时间doublingtime;直径小于3厘米lessthan3cmindiameter;不超过1厘米(smallnodules)10mmorlessinsize;直径增长25%25%increaseindiameter;体积增大一倍doublingofvolume;大小不同的ofvaryingsizes;六、形状shape,morphology:点状dot(punctual,punctate);斑点状mottling,stippled;粟粒状miliary;结节状nodular;团块状mass,masslike;圆形circular,round,rounded;卵圆形oval;椭圆形ellipse;长方形(椭圆形)oblong;分叶状lobulated;片状patchy;条索stripe;线状linar;网状reticular;囊状cystic;弧线形curvilinear;星状stellate;纠集crowding,converging;舟状boat-shaped,navicular,scaphoid;哑铃状dumb-bell;不规则形irregular;细致fine;粗糙coarse;变形deformity;增粗、增厚thicken;变细、变薄thinning;变平flattened;七、边缘border,margin(marginated),rim,edge(edged);轮廓(外形)outline,contour;光滑(smooth);清晰,锐利(sharp,well-defined,well-circumscribed,clear,distinct);模糊hazy,indistinct,blurred,ill-defined,obscured,silhouetteout(sth);不规则irregular;毛刺状、针状spiculated;分叶的lobulated,multilobulated;八、密度density(dense),densitometry,attenuation(X线成像):透亮lucency(lucent),transparent;病灶lesion:阴影shadow;不透光haziness,opacification,opacity,opaque;致密density(dense);低密度hypodense,lowdensity;高密度hyperdense,highdensity;混杂密度mixeddensity;solid,subsolid(partsolid),ground-glass(nonsolid)回声echo(echoic)(超声成像):*无回声anecho,弱回声poorecho,低回声hypoecho,lowlevelecho;等回声mediumecho,iso-echo,高回声hyperecho,highlevelecho,强回声strongecho;信号signal(磁共振成像):低信号hypointensity;高信号hyperintensity;九、程度:轻度mild;slightly;中度moderately;重度severe;grossly;十、变化:一过性的,短暂的ephemeral;fleeting;transient;稳定stability(stable);密度水样密度waterydensity等密度isodense均匀密度homogeneousdensity不均匀密度nonhomogeneousdensity信号等信号isointensity混合信号heterogeneousintensity信号强度减弱decreasedsignalintensity信号强度增高increasedsignalintensity流空现象flowemptyphenomena增强enhancement静脉团注法intravenousbolusinjectiontechnique静脉快速滴注法intravenousrapidinfusion增强扫描enhancementscan延迟扫描delayedscan动态扫描dynamicscan电影扫描cinescan增强前pre-enhancementpre-contrast增强后post-enhancementpost-contrast动脉期arterialphase微血管期capillaryphase静脉期venousphase延迟期delayedphase均匀增强homogeneousenhancement不均匀增强nonhomegeneousenhancement环状增强circularenhancement结节状增强nodularenhancement片状增强patchyenhancement脑回样增强gyriformenhancement边缘增强rimenhancement常规位置:standardviews;补充位置:supplementaryviews;前后位AP,anteroposterior;后前位PA,posteroanterior;侧位lateral;斜位oblique;轴位axial;切线位tangential;眼眶orbit鼻窦后前23°位、华氏位、顶颏位occipitomental,Waters;眼眶后前37°位、柯氏位、鼻颌位、枕额位occipitofrontal,Caldwell;视神经孔后前位,瑞氏位Rhese;颞骨temporalbone乳突侧位:15°侧位,劳氏位Law;25°侧位,许氏位Schuller;35°侧位,伦氏位Runstrom;斜位:后前(45°)斜位,斯氏位Stenvers;前后斜位、反斯氏位;岩部轴位:(仰卧45°)梅氏位Mayer;欧文氏位Owen;岩部前后位APaxial,Towne;拇指thumb拇指前后位Robert;手hand后前斜位pronationoblique;前后斜位supinationoblique,ball-catcher's腕wrist舟骨位scaphoid;腕管位carpaltunnel;肘elbow小头位capitellum,鹰嘴位olecranon;髋hip侧位(蛙形位)frog-leg,侧位(仰卧水平投照)cross-tablelateral,groinlateral;颈椎cervicalspine第1、2颈椎前后位,张口位open-mouth,OMV;胸部chest侧卧位lateraldecubitus,前凸位(前后位及后前位)apicallordotic;前弓位kyphotic;附:床旁portable;呼气像expiratory;高千伏摄影highkilovoltageradiography;腹部abdomen腹平片plainabdominalradiograph,abdominalplainfilm尿路仰卧前后位,尿路平片:KUB,plainfilmofkidney,ureters,bladder(仰卧)前后位supineabdominalradiograph;立位uprightabdominalradiograph;乳腺breast钼靶X线摄影:mammogram,molybdenumtargetradiography常用的后缀后缀在缀合法中只起改变词性的作用,不改变词根的含意,这在第一章内已叙述。现将常用后缀分一般英语后缀及医学英语后缀两部分来说明。第一节常用的一般英语后缀因词性不同、后缀可分为名词性、形容词性、动词性及副词性后缀,现列举于下。一、名词性后缀1,-age为抽象名词后缀,表示行为,状态和全体总称percentage百分数,百分率,voltage电压,伏特数,lavage灌洗,洗,出法,gavage管词法,curettage刮除法,shortage不足,缺少。2,-cy表示抽象名词accuracy准确,精确度,infancy婴儿期。3,-ence、-ance表示性质和动作difference不同,interference干扰,干预,influence影响,感化,occurrence发出,出现,violence激烈,暴力,existence存在,significance意义,意味。4,-ency、-ancy抽象名词后缀difficiency不足,不全,tendency趋势,趋向,frequency频率,pregnancy妊娠,emergency紧急,急救,fluency流利,流畅,sufficiency足够,充足,constancy坚定,经久不变。5,-er表示…人、…者diameter直径,receiver接收者,接受者,carrier携带者,beginner初学者,创始人,reader读者,shutter快门,goiter甲状腺肿。6,-ics表示…科学psdiatrics儿科学,psychiatrics精神病学,obstetrics产科学,orthopdics矫形科学,auristrics耳科学,gnathostomatics口腔生理学,andriatrics男性医学,男性科。7,-ian表示人称名词physician医师,内科医师,technician技术员8,-ication由动词变化而来的抽象名词,常译为…化simpliffcation简化,calcification钙化,classification分类,分级,communication交流,交往。9,-ing由动词变化而来的动名词nursing护理,typing分型,分类,mapping绘制…图,bleeding出血,vomiting呕吐,softening变软,functioning使器官活动,使器官有功能,positioning把…放在适当的位置,mathching和…相配,imaging成像。10,-ion由动词构成的名词occasion偶然原因,近因,时机,division分割,分开,vision视力,视觉,distortion扭曲,变形。11,-ism表示制度,主义及现象等的抽象名词mehanism机理,机制,autism孤独性。12,-ist表示人称名词specialist专家,internist内科医生,pad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