英语反身代词的用法

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英语反身代词的用法反身代词是指myself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,herself,itself,themselves,oneself。。二、oneself与himself当one指人时,其相应的反身代词通常用oneself,在美国英语中也可用himself:Oneshouldnotpraiseoneself[himself].一个人不应该自吹自擂。三、反身代词的句法功能:1.反身代词用于强调时经常作主语或宾语的同位语,一般置于所强调的词的后面,也可写在句末。反身代词用于强调时要重读。例:Themanagerhimselfservedthecustomers./Themanagerservedthecustomershimself.经理亲自为顾客服务。Theboxitselfisnotsoheavy.箱子本身并不重。Mrs.Blackherselfisalawyer.布莱克太太本人就是一名律师。Youhadbetteraskthedriverhimself.你最好问司机本人。Martinhimselfattendedthesickman.马丁亲自照顾病人。Don’ttroubletocomeoveryourself.你不必费神亲自来了。Youyourselfsaidso./Yousaidsoyourself.你自己是这样说的。Neverleavetootherswhatyououghttodoyourself.不要把自己该做的事留给别人做。2.用作宾语(动词或介词的宾语)反身代词作动词宾语时常常是非强调性的。有些动词与反身代词成为固定搭配,请注意,汉译时“自己”可根据情况忽略不译:a.作动词宾语:behaveoneself有礼貌;规矩Hebehaveshimselfwell.他为人很好。BehaveyourselfwhileIamaway.我不在,你要规矩点。enjoyoneself过得快活Weallenjoyedourselvesintheparty.我们在聚会上都玩得很痛快。expressoneself表达自己的意思CanyouexpressyourselfinEnglish?你能用英语表达思想吗?F.collectoneself清醒过来,镇定下来IacceptedtheofferbeforeIwasabletocollectmyself.我还没来得及考虑一下,就接受了帮助。b.作介词宾语Takegoodcareofyourself.好好照顾你自己。Hehasarighttodecideforhimself.他有权为自己做出决定。Thechildcandresshimself.这孩子能自己穿衣服了。Shefinallygainedcontrolofherself.最后她控制住了自己。Shecouldnotmakeherselfunderstood.她不能使别人听懂她的话。Everybodyherehastheinfluenzaincludingmyself.包括我在内所有人都患上流感。Thechildcriedhimselftosleep.孩子哭着哭着睡着了。Hehadacoupleofrevolverswithwhichtodefendhimself.他只有一两把手枪用来自卫。反身代词作介词宾语或动词宾语时,有时也可起强调作用。例:Hehasbeenlivingbyhimselfsincehisparentsdied.他父母死后,他就一直一个人生活。(byhimself=alone)Thismatterisbetweenourselves.(Withoutanyoneelseknowing)Theenemywillnotperishofhimself.(ofhisownwill)Shefinishedthejobbyherself.她独自完成了这项工作。(byherself=withouthelp)3.用作表语Thepoorboywasmyself.那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。Justbeyourself.做你自己就好了。Maryhasn'tquitebeenherselfrecently.玛丽近来感到不适。Theoneswhoreallywantitareourselves.真正想要它的是我们自己。【说明】有时用于be,feel,seem,look等后作表语表示身体或精神处于正常状态:I’mnotquitemyselfthesedays.我近来身体不大舒服。(=IamnotfeelingsowellasIusuallydo)I’llbemyselfagaininnotime.我过一会儿就会好的。4.用作主语。在现代英语中,反身代词一般不能独立用作主语,但是它却可以借助and,or,nor等连词与其他名词一起构成并列主语(且位于并列主语的后部),以及用于某些特殊结构(如as...as等):Mybrotherandmyselfwentthereyesterday.昨天我兄弟和我一起去了那儿。Jim’ssisterandhimselfgetupatsixeveryday.吉姆的妹妹和他每天6点起床。Hewasasanxiousasmyself.他和我一样担心。Formywifeandme/myselfitwasamostenjoyableweekend.对于我妻子和我(本人)来说,这是一个非常快乐的周末。在but,except,like,as等词之后,或作对比时,宾格和反身代词都可以用,但后者的语气更强。例:Sheisaboutthesameageasyou/yourself.她的年龄和你(本人)差不多。有时“动词+反身代词”之后,还需要一定的介词。例:G.busyoneselfwith忙于Hebusiedhimselfwithnumeroustasksaroundthehouse.他忙于家里的许多事情。H.availoneselfof利用WeavailedourselvesofeverychancetospeakEnglish.我们利用每个机会讲英语。I.addressoneselfto专心于(工作)Theyaddressthemselvestothemaindifficulties.他们专心致志解决主要困难。J.devoteoneselfto致力于;献身于Wearedeterminedtodevoteourselvestothecauseofeducation.我们决心为教育事业献身。有些动词接反身代词后再接that从句:K.assureoneselfthat...确信Beforegoingtobed,sheassureherselfthatthedoorwaslocked.她确信门已锁好才去睡觉。L.flatteroneselfthat...自以为Heflatteredhimselfthathewouldwinthefirstprize.她自以为会获得第一名。反义疑问句反义疑问句(TheDisjunctiveQuestion或Questiontags)即附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。反义疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。主要形式:陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式;陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式。主语一般词语附加疑问句中主语用和主句一致的主语,用主格。附加疑问句随从句。不定代词当陈述部分的主语是(1)one时,后面的疑问句可用one/he.(2)noone时,后面附加疑问句中主语用they。(3)everything,anything,nothing,something时,附加疑问句中主语用it不用they(4)this,that,或those,these时,附加疑问句中主语用it或they.(5)everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,anyone,nobody等时,附加疑问句中主语一般用they(口头语,非正式文体)/he(正式文体)。(6)不定式时,动名词,其他短语,附加疑问句中主语一般用it。(7)therebe句型时,附加疑问句中一般用be/情态动词/助动词+there否定意义的词对反义疑问句的回答。对反意疑问句的回答,无论问题的提法如何,如果事实是肯定的,就用yes,事实是否定的,就要用no。要特别注意陈述句部分是否定结构,反意疑问句部分用肯定式提问时,回答yes或no与汉语正好相反。这种省略回答的yes要译成“不”,no要译成“是”。例:—Helikesplayingfootball,doesn’the?他喜欢踢足球,是吗?—Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn’t.是的。/不是。—Hissisterdidn’tattendthemeeting,didshe?他妹妹没有参加会议,是吗?—Yes,shedid./No,shedidn’t.不,她参加了。/是的,她没参加。简要总结反意疑问句19条:1)陈述部分的主语是I,疑问部分要用aren'tI.I'mastallasyoursister,aren'tI?2)陈述部分的谓语是wish,疑问部分要用may+主语。Iwishtohaveawordwithyou,mayI?3)陈述部分用no,nothing,nobody,never,few,seldom,hardly,rarely,little等否定含义的词时,疑问部分用肯定含义。TheSwedemadenoanswer,didhe/she?Someplantsneverblown(开花),dothey?4)含有oughtto的反意疑问句,陈述部分是肯定的,疑问部分用shouldn't/oughtn't+主语。Heoughttoknowwhattodo,oughtn'the?/shouldn'the?5)陈述部分有haveto+v.(hadto+v.),疑问部分常用don't+主语(didn't+主语)。Wehavetogetthereateighttomorrow,don'twe?6)陈述部分的谓语是usedto时,疑问部分用didn't+主语或usedn't+主语。Heusedtotakepicturesthere,didn'the?/usedn'the?7)陈述部分有hadbetter+v.疑问句部分用hadn'tyou?You'dbetterreaditbyyourself,hadn'tyou?8)陈述部分有wouldrather+v.,疑问部分多用wouldn't+主语。Hewouldratherreadittentimesthanreciteit,wouldn'the?9)陈述部分有You'dliketo+v.疑问部分用wouldn't+主语。You'dliketogowithme,wouldn'tyou?10)陈述部分有must的疑问句,疑问部分根据实际情况而定。Hemustbeadoctor,isn'the?YoumusthavestudiedEnglishforthreeyears,haven'tyou?/didn'tyou?Hemusthavefinishedityesterday,didn'the?11)感叹句中,疑问部分用be+主语。Whatcolours,aren'tthey?Whatasmell,isn'tit?12)陈述部分由neither…nor,either…or连接的并列主语时,疑问部分根据其实际逻辑意义而定。NeitheryounorIamengineer,arewe?13)陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything,that,nothing,this,疑问部分主语用it。Everythingisready,isn'tit?14)陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句,疑问部分有三种情况:a.并列复合句疑问部分,谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。Mr.SmithhadbeentoBei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