搜索
有机化合物的英文命名饱和烃-Alkanes分子式中文名系统英文名分子式中文名系统英文名CH4甲烷MethaneC9H20壬烷NonaneC2H6乙烷EthaneC10H22葵烷DecaneC3H8丙烷PropaneC11H24十一烷UndecaneC4H10丁烷ButaneC12H26十二烷DodecaneC5H12戊烷PentaneC18H28十三烷TridecaneC6H14己烷HexaneC14H30十四烷TetradecaneC7H16庚烷HeptaneC15H32十五烷PentadecaneC8H18辛烷octaneC16H34十六烷hexadecane烷烃的英文名称字尾都有-ane烷基的命名H3CCCH3CH3H2C分子式中文名普通英文名系统英文名CH3-甲基methylmethylCH3CH2-乙基ethylethylCH3CH2CH2-正丙基n-propylpropylCH3CHCH3异丙基isopropyl1-methylethylCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2-正丁基n-butylbutylCH3(CH2)3CH2-正戊基n-pentylorn-amylpentylCH3CH(CH3)CH2CH2-异戊基isopentylorisoamyl3-methylbutyl新戊基neopentyl2,2-dimethylpropyl分子式中文名普通英文名系统英文名CH2=CH2乙烯ethyleneethyleneCH3CH=CH2丙烯propylenepropyleneCH3CH2CH=CH21-丁烯1-butylene1-butene(CH3)2C=CH2异丁烯isobutylenepropene,2-methyl-CH3CH2CH2CH=CH21-戊烯1-amylene1-penteneCH2=CHC(CH3)=CH2异戊二烯isoprene1,3-butadiene,2-methyl不饱和烃UnsaturatedHydrocarbon•将相应烷的字尾-ane改为-ene即为烯，双烯字尾为-adiene,三烯为-atriene不饱和烯基（Alkenyl）的英文命名分子式中文名普通英文名系统英文名CH2=CH-乙烯基vinylethenylCH2=CHCH2-烯丙基allyl2-proenylCH3CH=CH-丙烯基propenyl1-propenylCH3CH=CHCH2-2-丁烯基2-butenyl•烯基(alkenyl)是将烯的字尾-ene改为-enyl，在系统命名中，简单的烯基仍保留了普通命名，但CA全部采用系统命名分子式中文名普通英文名系统英文名乙炔acetyleneethyne丙炔methylacetylenepropyne2-丁炔dimethylacetylene2-butyne丙烯基乙炔propenylacetylene3-penten-1-yne炔类化合物的英文名CH3CCHCH3CCCH3CCCH3HCH3CHC分子式中文名普通英文名系统英文名苯benzenebenzene奈naphthalenenaphthalene蒽anthraceneanthracene菲phenanthrenephenanthrene芳香烃AromaticHydrocarbonCompounds•系统命名是以芳香环为母体，取代基根据环上的位置而定位，苯环上表示2个基团的相对位置命名常用邻位o-、对位p-、和间位m-表示。分子式中文名普通英文名系统英文名C6H5CH3甲苯toluenetolueneBenzene,methyl-邻二甲苯o-xylenebenzene,1,2-dimethyl-对二甲苯p-xylenebenzene,1,4-dimethyl间二甲苯m-xylenebenzene,1,3-dimethylC6H5CH=CH2苯乙烯styrenestyrenebenzene,ethenyl-分子式中文名普通英文名系统英文名C6H5-苯基phenylphenylα-萘基α-naphthylα-naphthyl1-naphthalenylβ-萘基β-naphthylβ-naphthyl2-naphthalenylC6H5CH2-苯甲基benzylbenzyl对苯甲基p-tolylP-tolyl(4-methylphenylH3CH2C•当芳香环上带有脂肪链时，按杂环、芳香环、脂环、脂链的骨架优先顺序，CA系统命名以芳香环作为骨架，脂链作为取代基。•在英文命名中取代基按字顺排列的，在中文命名中，是按基团大小顺序排列，小的放在前，芳香基（-aryl）字尾有-yl。分子式中文名普通英文名系统英文名CH3Cl氯甲烷MethylchlorideMethane,chloro-CH2Cl2二氯甲烷MethylenedichlorideMethane,dichloroCHCl3三氯甲烷氯仿ChloroformMethane,trichloroCCl4四氯甲烷CarbontetrachlorideMethane,tetrachloroCH3CH2Br溴乙烷EthylbromideEthane,bromoBrCH2CH2Br1,2-二溴乙烷EthylenedibromideEthane,1,2-dibromoCH2=CHCl氯乙烯VinylchlorideEthylene,chloro-CH2=CHCH2Cl烯丙基氯Allylchloride1-propene,3-chloro氯苯PhenylchlorideBenzene,chloro对二氯苯p-phenylenedichlorideBenzene,1,4-dichloro-p-dichlorobenzene卤代烃OrganicHalides•系统命名是将卤素作为主链的取代基卤素作为取代基英文名作为卤化物英文名F-Fluoro-FluorideCl-Chloro-ChlorideBr-Bromo-BromideI-Iodo-Iodide分子式中文名普通英文名系统英文名-CH2-亚甲基methylenemethylenemethylidene-CH2CH2-1,2-亚甲基ethylenedimethylene1,2-ethandiyl-(CH2)3-三亚甲基trimethylenetrimethylene1,3-propandiyl-C6H4-对亚苯基p-phenylene1,4-phenylene亚乙基Ethylideneethylidene分子式中文名普通命名衍生命名系统命名CH3OH甲醇MethylalcoholCarbinolMethanolC2H5OH乙醇EthylalcoholMethylcarbinolEthanolCH3CH2CH2OH正丙醇n-propylalcoholEthylcarbinol1-propanolCH3CH(OH)CH3异丙醇IsopropylalcoholDimethylcarbinol2-propanolCH3(CH2)3OH正丁醇n-butylalcoholPropylcarbinol1-butanol3-甲基-2-丁烯-1-醇2-buten-1-ol,3-methyl苯甲醇，苄醇BenzylalcoholPhenylmethanol醇、酚、醚Alcohols,Phenols,andEthers分子式中文名普通英文名系统英文名HO-CH2-CH2-OH乙二醇Ethyleneglycol1,2-ethanediolHO(CH2)3OH1，3-丙二醇Trimethyleneglycol1,3-propanediolCH2(OH)CH2(OH)CH2(OH)甘油glycerol1,2,3-propanetriol分子式中文名普通英文名系统英文名CH3CH2OCH2CH3乙醚DiethyletherEthane,1,1’-oxybis-CH3OCH2CH2CH2CH3甲丁醚n-butylmethyletherButane,1-methoxyCH3OC6H5苯甲醚Methylphenylether,oranisoleBenzene,methoxy分子式中文名普通英文名系统英文名C6H5OH苯酚phenolphenol-萘酚α-naphtyol1-naphthol1-naphthalenol-萘酚β-naphtyol2-naphthol2-naphthalenol对甲苯酚p-cresolPhenol,4-methyl对苯二酚p-hydroquinone1,4-hydroquinone1,4-benzenediol对溴代苯酚BisphenolAPhenol,4-bromo-双酚ABisphenolAPhenol,1-methylethylidenebis-化合物中文名普通命名系统命名杂环系统名环氧乙烷Ethyleneoxide1,2-epoxyethaneOxirane1，2-环氧丙烷Propyleneoxide1,2-epoxypropaneOxirane,methyl-缩水甘油Glycidol2,3-epoxy-1-propanolOxiranemethanol,呋喃furanFuranfuran分子式中文名英文名CH3O-甲氧基methoxyC2H5O-乙氧基ethoxyC3H7O-丙氧基propoxyC6H5O-苯氧基phenoxy化合物中文名普通命名系统命名CH3NH2甲胺methylaminemethanamineCH3NHC2H5甲乙胺ethylmethylamineethanamine,N-methyl-C6H5NH2苯胺anilinebenzenamine,aniline(CH3)4NCl氯化四甲基铵tetramethylammoniumchloridemethanaminium,N,N,N-trimethyl-,chloride邻甲苯胺o-toluidinebenzenamine,2-methyl-α-萘胺α-naphthylamine1-maphthalenamineH2N(CH2)3NH2丙二胺trimethylenediamine1,3-propanediamine邻苯二胺o-phenylenediamine1,2-benzenediamineC6H5CH2CH2NH2苯乙胺(2-phenylethyl)aminebenzeneethanamine含氮有机化合物NitrogenousOrganicCompounds胺类化合物的CA命名不用苯胺、甲苯胺的名称，但是在一般系统命名中仍保留了这两个俗名化合物中文名系统英文名CH3CH2CH(NO2)CH32-硝基丁烷Butane,2-nitroC6H5NO2硝基苯Benzene,nitro-三硝基甲苯Benzene,1-methyl-2,4,6-trinitro-2,4,6-trinitrotoluene化合物中文名普通命名系统英文名偶氮异丁α,α’-azobisisobutylroni?Propanenitrile,2-methyl-,2,2’-azobisC6H5N=NC6H5偶氮苯azobisbenzeneDiazene,diphenyl-CH3COCH3丙酮acetoneacetoneCH3COCH2CH2CH32-戊酮methylpropylketone2pentanone环己酮cyclohexanonecyclohexanoneC6H5COC6H5二苯酮diphenylketonebenzophenoneMethanone,diphenyl化合物中文名普通命名系统英文名HCHO甲醛formaldehydeformaldehydeCH3CHO乙醛acetaldehydeacetaldehydeCH3CH2CHO丙醛propionaldehydepropanalCH3(CH2)2CHO正丁醛n-butyraldehydebutanalCH3(CH2)3CHO正戊醛n-valeraldehydepentanalCH3CH2CH(CH3)CHOα-甲基丁醛α-met