Chapter-1-Land-and-History

TheUnitedStatesChapterOneLandandHistory日期：2011年03月14日LandandHistory1、Geography2、ThePopulationandImmigration3、HistoryBackgoGeography1、GeneralIntroduction2、SixRegionsbackgoGeneralIntroduction•Fromeasttowest:4500kilometers•Fromnorthtosouth:2500kilometers•Offersalmosteveryvarietyofclimateandphysicalfeature•Coversanareaofmorethanninemillionsquarekilometers(about9,826,675squarekilometers)backgoMapoftheUnitedStatesbackgoSixRegionsTheNortheastTheCentralBasinTheSoutheastTheGreatPlainsTheMountainsandDesertsTheCoastalValleysbackgoTheNortheastNewYorkCity:thelargestcityintheNortheastandthefinancialcentreoftheUnitedStatesBoston:majorseaportintheNortheastandistheheartofNewEnglandWashingtonD.C:capitaloftheUS,andthesouthernendofthestringofcities,haslittleindustryandnoskyscrapersDetroit:birthplaceofmasscarsandtheheadquartersofthecountry’scarmanufacturersChicago:thesecondlargestcityintheUSandarailwaycentre.backgoTheCentralBasinWasoncethefrontiertothosewhocrossedtheAppalachianMountainsFertilesoilandlonghotsummerswithenoughrainareafarmer’sdreamFarthernorthinWisconsinandMinnesota,itiscoolerandmoisterInIllinoisthereisarichgrasslandbackgoTheSoutheastLookbackacrosstheAppalachianMountains,southfromWashington,D.C.,intotheSoutheastFromVirginiatoTexaswheretherearemightyrivers,suchastheMississippiRiver,MissouriRiver,ColumbiaRiver,andOhioRiverbackgoVirginiaStatebackgoTheGreatPlainsWheretheraingivesout,abouthalfwayacrossTexasandOklahomaAnimaginarylinerunsnorthandsouthalmostthroughthemiddleoftheUSandiscalledthe50centimeterrainfallline(disasterline)TheweatherisharshbackgoTexasandOklahomabackgoTheMountainsandDesertsAfearfularea,tobecrossedasquicklyaspossibletoreachthePacificcoastTheRockyMountains:thelongbackboneofthispartoftheNorthAmericancontinentinUtahandColorado.YellowstoneinWyomingMormons:establishedtheSaltyLakeCityin1847backgoUtahandColoradobackgoTheCoastalValleysOneoftherichestfarmareasintheUSThreePacificcoaststates:Washington,CaliforniaandOregonLosAngeles:oneoftheworld’slargestmetropolitanareasThreemajorports:SanFrancisco,PortlandandSeattle,withSanFranciscoBaybeingoneoftheworld’sfinestland-lockedharbors.backgoWashington,CaliforniaandOregonbackgoThePopulationandImmigrationThefirstAmericansettlersEuropeanexplorationandcolonizationAfricanslavesOtherAmericansCultureCrossbackgoThefirstAmericansettlersBeginningmorethan20000yearsagoTribalpeopleBeringStraitChristopherColumbus“discovered”theNewWorldin1492andcalledthem“Indians”AmerigoVespucciarrivedBrazilin1499backgoEuropeanexplorationandcolonizationDuringthenext200years,nativeAmericanssufferedgreatlyfromEuropeanexplorationandcolonizationTheEnglishwerethedominantethnicgroupamongearlysettlers,andEnglishbecametheprevalentAmericanlanguage1840-1860EllisIslandbackgoEllisIslandDespitetheisland'sreputationasanIslandofTears,thevastmajorityofimmigrantsweretreatedcourteouslyandrespectfully,andwerefreetobegintheirnewlivesinAmericaafteronlyafewshorthoursonEllisIsland.Onlytwopercentofthearrivingimmigrantswereexcludedfromentry.Thetwomainreasonswhyanimmigrantwouldbeexcludedwereifadoctordiagnosedthattheimmigranthadacontagiousdiseasethatwouldendangerthepublichealthorifalegalinspectorthoughttheimmigrantwaslikelytobecomeapublicchargeoranillegalcontractlaborer.backAfricanslaves1619-1808500000AfricanswerebroughttotheUSAmericanCivilWar(1861-1865,EmancipationProclamation)MartinLutherKing(Inthelate1950sandearly1960s,AfricanAmericans,ledbyhim,usednonviolentprotesttodemandequaltreatmentunderthelawandanendtoracialprejudice)TodayAfricanAmericansconstitute12.7%ofthetotalUSpopulationbackgoOtherAmericansThereareabout27millionSpanish-speakingresidents,whoarecalledHispanics.AsianAmericansareoneofthefastest-growingethnicgroupsinthecountryandabout10millionpeopleofAsiandescentliveintheUS.backgoCultureCrossThesteadystreamofpeoplecomingtoAmericahashadaprofoundeffectontheAmericancharacterAmericanpeoplearefamousforindependentandoptimisticandfreedom-lovingTraditionalfestivalðnicrestaurantbackgoHistoryTheoriginandthecolonialperiodTheWarofIndependenceTheCivilWarThelate19thcenturyTheUnitedStatesinthe20thcenturyTheUnitedStatesinthenewmillenniumTheObamagovernmentbackgoTheoriginandthecolonialperiodThefirstAmericansettlersarrivedinthecontinentmorethan20000yearsagoThefirstEuropeanstoreachNorthAmericawereVikingsfromIcelandaboutyear1000butfailedtoestablishapermanentsettlementActingonbehalfofSpanishcrown,theItaliannavigatorChristopherColumbuslandedononeofBahamanIslandsintheCaribbeanSeain1472andcalledthenativeAmericans“Indians”TheBritishgainedanupperhandamongthosewhowereeagertosettheirfeetonthenewContinentColonistsarrivedfromotherEuropeancountriesbackgoBritishColonysettlementThefirstcolonywasfoundedatJamestown,Virginia,in1607EnglishPuritanscametoAmericaintheMayflowerandfoundedPlymouthColonyin1620whichlaterbecameMassachusettsRogerWilliamsfoundedthecolonyofRhodeIslandin1636,basedontheprinciplesofreligiousfreedomandseparationofchurchandstateBy1733therewere13Britishcoloniesalongth