Narration--记叙文写作

ACDBArgumentiveWritingArgumentiveWritingExpositoryWritingDescriptiveWritingNarrativeWritingeWritingni许黎黎[e-mail]15083517119NarrativeWriting记叙文写作Pleasereadthefollowingpassagefirst:Everyonehasanexperiencetheywouldratherforget.Someareembarrassing,somearemoving,andsometeachusalesson.Hereisastoryofmine.LastSundayIwentfishing.Aftersettingupmyfishingrod（钓鱼竿）withbait（鱼饵）,Isatdownonthebankofthelake.Buttwohourslater,Ididn’tcatchanyfish.Igotveryangryandbegantopackupmystuff（收拾东西）,preparingtogobackhome.Justthen,Isawanoldmansittingnearme.Tomysurprise,hisbasketwasfulloffish,soIwentovertohim,wantingtoknowwhy.“Excuseme,buthowlonghaveyousathere?”Iasked.“Aboutfourhours,”heanswered.“Fourhours?”Icouldn’tbelievemyears.“Yes.It’sveryimportanttobepatient,”theoldmansaid.“Don’tconsiderfishingatiringsport.Justenjoyit.”Suddenly,Iunderstandwhathesaid.Imustlearntobepatient.ThenIsatthereandwaitedforfishpatiently.Ifeltafishtouchthebait,butIdidn’tmoveandwaitedfortherightmomenttoreelitin（卷收钓鱼线）.Atlast,Icaughtit.Thismademeveryhappy.Inthefollowingsixhours,Icaughtover10fish.Onmywayhome,Ithoughtwhathadhappenedonthebank.Igraduallyrealizedthatthesecretofsuccesswaspatience.CONTENTSDefinition1Classifications3Majorsentencepatterns5Sixessentialfactors2Fiveaspects4Examplesandwritingpractice61.Whatisnarration?Tonarrateistogiveanaccountofeventoranaccountofseriesofeventssuchas:realstoriesimaginarystoriesbiographies④newsitems⑤narrativepoemsnewsitemsChinesePresidentHuJintaoarrivedinPittsburghonThursdaytoattendtheGroupof20summitwhichfocusesonhowtonurturerecoveryfromtheglobaleconomicandfinancialrecession.PresidentHuisexpectedtooutlineinPittsburghChina'sstanceonhowtopromotetheworldeconomicrecovery,howtoreformtheinternationalfinancialsystem,andhowtoachieveabalancedandsustainablegrowth,accordingtoViceForeignMinisterHeYafei.ThePittsburghG20willbethethirdsuchsummitheldsincetheonsetoftheglobaleconomicrecessioncausedbyafinancialcrisis.narrativepoem(limerick)TherewasayoungladyofNigerWhosmiledassherodeonatigerTheyreturnedfromtherideWiththeladyinsideAndthesmileonthefaceofthetigerAtimeDBECFspacecharactercauseprocesseffect2.Sixessentialfactorsofnarrativewriting五个“W”和一个“H”：when、where、who、why、what、how，做到有条有理，使读者易于明白3.Theclassificationsofnarrativewriting记叙文一般说来，它大致分为三类：一是以记人为主的记叙文，即以人物为中心组织材料，围绕这个人物可以写一件事，也可写几件事；集中主要人物的描写，记叙人物遇到的事情及人物有什么影响。二是以写事为主的记叙文，即以事件为中心组织材料，围绕中心事件可以写一个人，也可以写几个人；为了引起读者的注意，可以从一些纠纷或交叉事件中展开，直到高潮出现，再将问题解决。三是以写景状物为主的记叙文。但应注意的是，在一篇记叙文中，写人、写景、写事往往是交织在一起的，不能截然分开，但各有侧重ContextASelectionofdetailsOrganizationPurposePointofviewBCDE4.FiveaspectsneedtobeconsideredI.ContextWritersshould,atthebeginning,providethereaderwithacontextorcircumstancesincluding:1.Whathappened2.Whenithappened3.Whereithappened4.Whotookpartinit5.Howitissoastohelpthereaderunderstandthewholething.例文：ATrafficAccident首段：概括交代事件发生的时间、地点、人物等信息。Aweekago,Iwitnessedatrafficaccidentinarainydayonmywaytoschool,whichstillstickinmymind.Tensewhenwenarratesomethinginthepastorahistoricalevent.Inthiscase,theverbsinpredicatemustbeinthepasttenseingeneral.ContextASelectionofdetailsOrganizationPurposePointofviewBCDE4.FiveaspectsneedtobeconsideredII.SelectionofdetailsEnoughdetailsshouldbeprovided,thoughnottoomany,otherwisethereadermaygetconfusedandloseinterest.Onlyrelevantdetails,orthingsthatcontributetobringingoutthemainideasareusefulandeffective.中心段：交代细节，注重在how，过多不必要的细节会冲淡文章的主题。中心段细节描写练习请找出下文与主题无关的细节AnaccidentThisafternoonIwentoutinthecountrytoseemygrandparents.AfterIgotoutthereIdecidedtotakeashortdrive.IdrovedowntoEastGreenwich,whichisabouteightmilesfromCentreville.WhilecominghomeIwasobligedtofollowtherailroadforamileortwo.WhenIhadgoneabouthalfamileIheardaterriblewhistlingaheadofme.Oncomingneartowherethesoundcamefrom,Idiscoveredthatanexpresstrainhadrunintotherearendofafreighttrain.Fortunatelynoonewasseriouslyhurt,althoughIheardonemansaythathenevergotshakenupsobadlyinhislifebefore.Theengineoftheexpresstrainwassomewhatdisabled,asthecow-catcherwasbrokenandthehead-lightandthesmoke-stackwereknockedoff.Nooneseemedtoknowthecauseoftheaccident.例文–Atrafficaccident中心段赏析Itwasabout7:00onFridaymorning,(Oct.31st).（补充说明时间）IwaswalkingthroughthepedestrianoverpassnearmyschoolwhenIwasshockedbythescreechofacar.（事情的起因）Isawamanknockeddownbyablackcar.Soonmanycarswerejammedthere.IgotthereandfoundthatbesideablackBenzlayamiddle-agedmaninapoolofblood.（交代一些细节）Thestreetturnedchaotic.（事情的大致经过）Afteramoment,thepoliceandanambulancearrived.Thevictimwasinstantlysenttothehospital.（事情的结果）例文–Atrafficaccident结尾段赏析结尾段：可适当发表一点议论Inmyopinion,thepedestrianshouldhavetakentheoverpasswhencrossingthestreet.Besides,thedrivermighthavedriventoofast,regardlessofsuchbadweather.Anyway,Ibelieveaccidentsmaybeavoidedifwebecomeawareoftheimportanceofsafety.ContextASelectionofdetailsOrganizationPurposePointofviewBCDE4.FiveaspectsneedtobeconsideredIII.OrganizationA.Inachronologicalorder(timesequence)B.FromthemiddleofthestoryC.Flashbacks---tostartfromtheendofthestorytocatchthereader’sattentionthengobacktothebeginningassomefilmsD.Thestoryusuallycomestoanaturalendwith