初中英语从句(全)

名词性从句分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。宾语从句1.语述问题跟随陈述语序如：Theywanttoknowwherehewasborn.Whatiswrongwithyou?=whatisthematterwithyou?这个句子不变语序。Ijustwanderwhatitisthatmakeshimsoexcited.2.时态（tense）如果主语是现在时态，从句的时态可以根据实际情况而定Shetellsmethatshewillcometomorrow.Shetellsmethatshewonthefirstprizeyesterday.主语为过去时态，从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态。Shetoldmeshewouldwonthefirstprizenextyear.(过去将来时ShetoldmeshehadbeeninBeijingfor3years.（过去完成时）从句为客观真理、定义、公理、定理时，用一般现在时Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.3.连词1.that:在句子中不作为成分的时候，可以省略。但是有些情况下that不能省略：当动词后，宾语从句不止一个时，第二个起that不能省略。Theyknow(that)hewashonestandthathehadnomoney.当that从句被短语或者词组与谓语动词分开时不能省略。Inoticed，forthefirsttime,thatourteacherwaswearingahat.It作形式宾语，that从句做真正宾语时Hefindsitnecessarythatheshouldlearnforeignlanguages.在wonder/doubt/besure/certain之后不能省略Iwanderthathefailed.（我很惊讶他失败了）2.where和if之间的区别Idon’tknowwhetherornotwewillhaveanexaminationthisweek.Idon’tknowwhether/ifwewillhaveanexaminationornotthisweek.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if当whether后面紧跟着ornot时只能用whether.在动词discuss/doubt后面只能用whether.Theyarediscussingwhetherthemeetingshouldbeheld.3.what引导Themoderncitywasbeautifulinwhatwasawastelandtenyearsago.4.否定转移由think,believe,imagine,suppose等词引导的时候，要将宾语从句中的否定形式转移到主句中去。5.例句Wemustpayattentionto(A)makesmistakes.A.whoeverB.whomeverC.nomatterwhoD.nomatterwhom表语从句1.可以连接表语从句的系动词有be，look,feel,sound,seem,spear.2.that在表语从句中没有任何意义，但是不能省略。Thereasonisthat…….3.在表语从句中不能用if作为连词。但是可以用whether和asif引导。Thequestioniswhetherheisabletodoit.Itlooksasifitwouldrain.(使用了虚拟语气)4.itis/wasbecause+原因Itisbecausetheweatherwasbad.5.itis/waswhy+结果Itiswhyhewasfailed.6.特殊的表语从句Janeisnolongerwhatshewasfouryearsago.主语从句主语从句中that不能省略。1.常用句型It’sapitythat…….It’slikely/possiblethat……Itseems/happened/spearsthat…..Itissaid/known/believed/hopethat……2.例句It‘sbelievedthatGodcreatedthepeople.WhetherGodcreatedtheworldremainstobeseem.同位语从句1.定义当两个指向同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时，一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子，后者就叫前者的同位语。Let’syouandmegoforawalk.2.标志词Fact,idea,news,question,saying,possibility,truth,belief,hopepromise,suggestion,adviceHegotthenewsfromMarythatthemeetingwasputoff.Ihavenoideaatallwheretheyarespendingtheirholidays.有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。3.连接词1.that（不能省）Theideathattheearthisaroundisnotanewone.2.thetherHemustanswerthequestionwhetherheagreestoitornot.3.疑问词Nextcomesthequestionswhatyouwanttoputinthebox.Nobodycanexplainthemysterywhyhesuddenlydisappeared.MyquestionhowIshallgetintouchwithhimhasnotbeenanswered.其他从句还有定语从句(关键)，状语从句。定语从句：一、结构先行词+关系词+从句二、关系词关系词分为关系代词和关系副词关系代词：that，which，who,whom,whose关系副词：where(=in/on/atwhich)，why(=forwhich),when(=in/onwhich)例句：1.Themanwho/thatisstandinghereisTom.2.Themanthat/who/whom/或者省略heistalkingtoisTom.3.ThemantowhomheistalkingisTom.(介词后必须加宾格并且不能省略)4.Theman,whosefatherisateacherwentabroad.5.Theman,thefatherofwhomisateacherwentabroad.6.Theman,ofwhomthefatherisateacherwentabroad.总结：…….,whose+n….和…..,thenofwhich(指物)/whom(指人)…以及…,ofwhich/whomthen这三个句型可以相互转换。三、只能用that不能用which的情况1.既有人又有物：theteachersandtheschoolsthat….2.有不定代词或者有不定代词修饰时：Iwilltellyoueverythingthat….Iwilltellyouallthethingsthat….3.最高级修饰或者序数词修饰时：Themostbeautifulflowersthat….Thefirstmanthat…4.避免重复Whoisthemanthatisstandinghere?WhichisthebookthatIlike?5.有only/very/justthen修饰时Heistheonlyonethat/whoisfitfor…ThisistheonlybookthatIwanttobuy.6.先行词充当表语时Tomisn’ttheboythatheusedtobe.(定语从句，先行词boy在句子中作为表语)Tomisn’twhatheusedtobe.(表语从句)四、只用which不能用that的情况1.非限制性定语从句（用逗号隔开的一般是非限制性定语从句）Theseappletrees，whichIplantedthreeyearsago，havenotborneanyfruit.2.介词后用whichThereare30chairsinthesmallhall,mostofwhicharenew.3.避免重复Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.五、只用who不用that1.先行词为指人的代词：those,all,one,ones,someone,anyone,nooneThosewhowinthegamewillgettheprize.Allwhowenttherespokehighlyofthepark.2.therebe中先行词为人是只用whoThereisanoldmanwhowantstoseeyou.六、特殊的关系词as1.as引导限制性定语从句时，一定充当主语或宾语或者表语。Shewearthesamecoatashersisterusuallydoes.Itissuchaninterestingfilmasweallliketosee.(定语从句不完整，as充当宾语)Itissuchaninterestingfilmthatweallliketoseeit.(从句结构完整，这是状语从句)2.as引导非限制性定语从句Aswasexpected,hefinishedthetaskperfectly.Theearthisaround,asweallknow.Theearth,asweallknow,isaround.Asisoftenthecase,…..(情况往往是这样的)Asisnatural,….(很自然的)这些短语可以用于议论文写作。七、特殊句型先行词充当主语时，注意主谓一致。1.thenumberofthepeoplewhoowncarsisincreasing.2.heisoneofthestudentswhohavepassedexamination.Heistheoneofthestudentswhohaspassedexamination.3.ihavetwosisters,neitherofwhomareteachers.Ihavetwosistersandneitherofthemareteachers.Ihavetwosisters,neitherofthemteachers.4.therearesomepeopleinthegarden,whoseownerwasseated/sitting.therearesomepeopleinthegarden,it’sownerseated/sitting.therearesomepeopleinthegardenandit’sownerwasseated.5.isthisthefactorythat/which/或者省略youvisitedyesterday?Isthisthefactorytowhichyoupaidavisit?Isthisthefactorywhereyouworked?Isthisthefactory,theonewhich/that/可以省略youvisited?Isthisthefactory,theonetowhichyoupaidavisited?Isthisthefactory,theonewhere/inwhichyouworked?6.thehousewhoseroofwasdamagedhasbeenrepairednow.Thehouse,theroofofwhichwasdamagedhasbeenrepairednow.Thehouseofwhichtheroofwasdamagedhasbeenrepairednow.7.Thisisthereasonwhy/forwhichIdidit.Thisisthereason