英语四级语法(基础)综述

英语四级语法（基础）英语四级语法（基础）英语句子的拆分：ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWorldWar,whenseveralgovernmentscametotheconclusionthatthespecialdemandsthatagovernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificdepartmentscannotbepredictedindetail.英语译群的基本形式：主谓宾结构：主语（名词）+谓语（动词）+宾语（名词）例句：IspeakEnglish.主谓修饰结构：主语（名词）+谓语（动词）+修饰语（形容词，副词，状语，被动态等）例句：Helookscool.Tomrunsfast.Hestayedathome.Iwasbeaten.英语句子的组成英语的复合句都是由数个短意群组成的：YouarethegirlwhoI’mlookingfor.谓语以及非谓语Finishingthehomework,TomwantedtowatchTV.动词的时态过去现在将来一般一般过去时一般现在时一般将来时进行过去进行时现在进行时将来进行时完成过去完成时现在完成时将来完成时一般过去时动词的变化1：+edEx.Theywatchedthatmovieyesterday.动词的变化2：+iedEx.trytried动词的变化3：不规则变化Ex.iswas一般现在时第三人称单数：+s结尾是s,x,sh,ch的话，+es表示规律发生的动作：Tomreadsnewspapereverynight.表示客观规律：Thesunrisesfromtheeast.进行时：动词变化：be+动词现在分词（+ing）现在进行时:Theyarehavingapicnic.过去进行时：Theywerehavingapicnic.完成时：动词变化：have(had)+动词过去分词现在完成时：IhavefinishedmyhomeworksothatIcanplayfootballnow.过去完成时：Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkuntilmymothercameback.意群的类型：主谓宾结构：IspeakEnglish.主谓(修)结构：Tomrunsfast.冠词：a,an,the:Atsametime,educationalresearchershavecomeupwithinnovativeteachingstrategiesforkids.修饰语：（形容词与副词）形容词：Thereisstillanewsubject.Thereissomethingnew.副词：TheWHOhasgivenmulti-drugtherapytopatientsfreelyforthelastfiveyears.修饰语：副词副词修饰动词：Hecantakephotosverywell.副词修饰形容词：YourEnglishisextremelygood.副词修饰副词：Ipushthedoorveryhard.短译群中的修饰语（介宾结构）Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestojudgebehaviorbystatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,humannatureandsoon.短译群中的修饰语（介宾结构）Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasstudiedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognized.短译群中的修饰语（插入语）Theirimprovedintelligence,sovitaltotheiroldhuntinglife,wereputtoanewuse.短译群中的修饰语（插入语）Itisgenerallyrecognized,however,thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury,followedbytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,radicallychangedtheprocess,althoughitsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediatelyapparent.短译群中的修饰语（插入语）Itisgenerallyrecognized,however,thattheintroductionofthecomputerintheearly20thcentury,followedbytheinventionoftheintegratedcircuitduringthe1960s,radicallychangedtheprocess,althoughitsimpactonthemediawasnotimmediatelyapparent.短译群中的修饰语（插入语）Fortunately,hesurvivedtheaccident.短译群中的修饰语（插入语）Butthat,Pearsonpointsout,isonlythestartofman-machinecombination.短译群中的修饰语（插入语）IntheearlyindustrializedcountriesofEurope,theprocessofindustrialization,withalltheimportantchangesinsocialpatterns,hasmaintainedfornearlyacentury.短译群中的修饰语（插入语）TheexistenceofgiantcloudswasvirtuallyimportantfortheBigBang,firstputforwardinthe1920s,tomaintainitsdominantposition.谓语及非谓语的区别ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWorldWar,whenseveralgovernmentscametotheconclusionthatthespecialdemandsthatagovernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificdepartmentscannotbepredictedindetail.各种短译群ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWorldWar,whenseveralgovernmentscametotheconclusionthatthespecialdemandsthatagovernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificdepartmentscannotbepredictedindetail.从句的结构主句+引导词（连词）+从句YouarethegirlwhoI’mlookingfor.各种从句的引导词：名词性从句：关系代词：what,which,who,whatever,whichever,whoever连接副词：where,when,why,how,whether,if,that名词性从句特点：引导词需要在主句当中充当成分，去掉引导词之后主句部分不完整。It’squitehardtosaywhetherhewillwinthegame.名词性从句主语从句：Whenhewillcomehereisstillunknown.宾语从句：Westilldon’tknowwhenhewillcomehere.名词性从句关系代词：Whattheparentsreallycareaboutisthequalityofeducation.从属连词：Whenhewillcomehereisstillunknown.名词性从句从属连词：where,when,why,how,whether,if从属连词that:Thecaptainorderedthateveryoneshouldabandontheshipimmediately.修饰语的翻译（定语从句）YouarethegirlwhoI’mlookingfor.特点：1.从句成分不完整2.先行词必须在从句当中充当一个成分3.引导词不充当任何成分且没有意义修饰语的翻译（定语从句）Furthermore,humanhavetheabilitytomodifytheenvironmentwhichtheylivein.修饰语的翻译（定语从句）InEurope,aselsewhere,multi-mediagroupshavebeenincreasinglysuccessful:groupswhichbringtogethertelevision,radio,newspapers,magazinesandpublishinghousesthatworkinrelationtooneanother.修饰语的翻译（定语从句）Pearsonhascollectedtheworkofhundredsofresearchersaroundtheworldtoproduceauniquetechnologycalendarthatgivesthelatestdateswhenwecanexpecthundredsofkeybreakthroughsanddiscoveriestotakeplace.修饰语的翻译（定语从句）Itassumesthatthereisanagreedopinionofhumanrights,whichissomethingtheworlddoesnothave.修饰语的翻译（定语从句）Behaviorscienceisthatbranchofsocialsciencewhichseekstostudyhumanandtheirbehaviorinthesamereasoned,orderly,andsystematicwaythatnaturalscientistsuseforthestudyofnaturalphenomena.修饰语的翻译（同位语从句）ThistrendbeganduringtheSecondWorldWar,whenseveralgovernmentscametotheconclusionthatthespecificdemandsthatagovernmentwantstomakeofitsscientificestablishmentscannotbeforeseenindetail.修饰语的书写Themedicalresearcherswerepainfullyawarethattherearemanyproblems______.(他们至今仍没找到答案。)修饰语的翻译（定语从句）Wehavegottheinformationthata.you’relookingfor.b.LiuXiangwashurt.修饰语的书写Wecantellalotofstoriesaboutthose______.(毕生致力于诗歌的人)状语从句的书写Ouryearsofhardworkareallinvain,______.(更不要提我们所花费的大量金钱了)修饰语的书写ThetreatmentandpreventionofAIDSisthearea________.(我们能够合作的领域)修饰语的书写Hedesig