药名常用词首ace-乙(酰基)acet-醋;醋酸;乙酸acetamido-乙酰胺基acetenyl-乙炔基acetoxy-醋酸基;乙酰氧基acetyl-乙酰(基)aetio-初aetiocholanolone本胆烷醇酮allo-别allocholane别胆烷allyl-烯丙(基);CH2=CH-CH2-amido-酰胺(基)amino-氨基amyl-①淀粉②戊(基)amylo-淀粉andr-雄andro-雄anilino-苯胺基anisoyl-茴香酰;甲氧苯酰anti-抗apo-阿朴;去水aryl-芳(香)基phen-(=pheno-)表示“苯基,苯衍生的”之义(用于元音之前)benzo-[化]表示“与苯有关”之义phene=benzene苯aspartyl-门冬氨酰auri-金(基);(三价)金基aza-氮(杂)azido-叠氮azo-偶氮basi-碱baso-碱benxoyl-苯酰;苯甲酰benzyl-苄(基);苯甲酰bi-二;双;重biphenyl-联苯基bis-双;二bor-硼boro-硼bromo-溴butenyl-丁烯基(有1、2、3位三种)butoxyl-丁氧基butyl-丁基butyryl-丁酰calc-钙calci-钙calco-钙cephalo-头孢(头孢菌素族抗生素词首)chlor-①氯②绿chloro-①氯②绿ciclo-环cis-顺clo-氯crypto-隐cryptogenetics隐性遗传学cycl-环cyclo-环de-去;脱dec-十;癸deca-十;癸dehydro-去氢;去水demethoxy-去甲氧(基)demethyl-去甲(基)deoxy-去氧des-去;脱desmethyl-去甲(基)desoxy-去氧dex-右旋dextro-右旋di-二diamino-二氨基diazo-重氮dihydro-二氢;双氢endo-内部epi-表;差向epoxy-环氧erythro-红;赤estr-雌estrane雌(甾)烷ethinyl-乙炔(基)ethoxyl-乙氧(基)ethyl-乙基etio-初eu-优eubacterium[微]真细菌fluor-①氟②荧光fluoro-①氟②荧光formyl-甲酰(基)guanyl-脒基hepta-七;庚hetero-杂hexa-六;己hypo-次io-碘indo-碘iso-异keto-酮laevo-左旋leuco-白levo-左旋mercapto-巯基meso-①不旋;内消旋②中(间)③中(位)(蒽环的9、10位)meta-①间(有机系统用名)②偏(无机酸用)methoxy-甲氧基methyl-甲基mono-一;单neo-新nitro-硝基nitroso-亚硝基nona-九;壬nov-新novo-新oct-八;辛octa-八;辛octo-八;辛ortho-①邻(位)②正③原oxalo-草oxo-氧[代]oxy-①氧②羟基(误称,但常用)para-①对(位)②副(俗名)penta-五;戊per-①高②过phen-苯pheno-苯phenoxy-苯氧(基)phenyl-苯基phospho-磷;磷酸phosphor-磷;磷酸phosphoro-磷;磷酸phyllo-叶poly-多;聚propyl-丙基proto-原pseudo-假;伪;拟ribosyl-核糖基semi-半silico-硅strept-链strepto-链sulf-硫sulfa-磺胺(磺胺类药物词头)sulfo-①硫[代]②磺基sulph-硫[代]sulpho-①硫[代]②磺基tert-①特(指CH3…C(CH3)2-型烃基)②叔tetra-四thio-硫trans-反(式);转tri-三undeca-十一undecane十一烷valyl-缬氨酰(基)valine缬氨酸vinyl-乙烯基vinylalcohol乙烯醇xantho-黄色药名常用词尾-al醛-aldehyde醛-amide酰胺-amidine脒-amine胺-ane烷-ase酶-ate①盐②酯-azide叠氮;-N3-caine卡因(局部麻醉药词尾)-carbonyl羰基-carboxamide甲酰胺-carboxylicacid羧酸-cidin杀……菌素-cillin青霉素;西林(青霉素族抗生素词尾)-cycline四环素(四环素族抗生素词尾)-diol①二醇②二酚-dione二酮-disulfide二硫(化物)-ene烯-enol烯醇-ester酯-flavine黄素-form仿(俗名词尾)-genin甙元(旧称配基)-ine碱;素(生物碱词尾)-lactone内酯-lysin溶素(俗名词尾)-micin霉素(抗生素词尾)-mycin霉素(抗生素词尾)-nitrile腈acetonitrile乙腈-ol①醇②酚-olol心安(心安类药物词尾)-one酮-ose糖-oside糖甙-oxide氧;氧化物-quine奎(俗名尾词)-sporin孢菌素(抗生素词尾)-sullide硫(化物)-sulfone砜-sulfoxide亚砜DMSO=DimethylSulfoxide二甲基亚砜-thioicacid硫代酸-thione硫酮-toxin毒素-triol三醇-tropin托品(俗名尾词)-urea脲-xanthin黄质-yl基(一价基)-yne炔表示数量关系的前缀1)表示“单一”,“一”mon-,mon-,monotone(单调),monopoly,monarchuni-,un-,uniform,unicellular(单细胞)2)表示“二,两,双”ambi-,ambiguous,amphibian(两栖类)bi-,bin-bicycle,di-,diode(二级管),twi-,twilight3)表示“十,十分之一”deca,deco-,dec-decade,deci-,decimals4)表示百,百分子一hecto-,hect-,hectometer,centi-,centimeter5)表示千,千分子一”kilo-,kilometer6)表示万,万分子一”myria-,myri-,myriametremega-,meg-,megabytemicro-,microvolt(微伏特)7)表示许多,复,多数”multi-,mult-,multimeter(万用表)poly-,polysyllable,8)表示“半,一半”hemi-,hemispheredemi-,demiofficialsemi-,semiconductor,semitransparentpene-,pen-,peninsula1.表示否定意义的前缀1)纯否定前缀a-,an-,asymmetry(不对称)anhydrous(无水的)dis-dishonest,dislikein-,ig-,il-,im-,ir-,incapable,inability,ignoble,impossible,immoral,illegal,irregularne-,n-,none,neither,nevernon-,nonsenseneg-,neglectun-unable,unemployment2)表示错误的意义male-,mal-,malfunction,maladjustment(失调)mis-,mistake,misleadpseudo-,pseudonym(假名),pseudoscience3)表示反动作的意思de-,defend,demodulation(解调)dis-,disarm,disconnectun-,unload,uncover4)表示相反,相互对立意思anti-,ant-antiknock(防震),antiforeign,(排外的)contra-,contre-,contro-,contradiction,controflow(逆流)counter-,counterreaction,counterbalanceob-,oc-,of-,op-,object,oppose,occupywith-,withdraw