分词短语做状语的用法

GrammarPoint1ParticiplesasAdverbialsI.Participles1、作为谓语，现在分词和be一起构成进行时；过去分词和be一起构成被动语态，和have一起构成完成时。例如：1)IamreadinganovelbyMaupassant.（现在分词和be一起表示主语正在进行的动作。）2)Mr.Robinsonhasdrunkfiveglassesofwinealready.（过去分词和have一起表示主语已经完成的动作。）3)ThegoldfishbowlwasbrokenbyXiaoTaojustnow.（过去分词和be一起表示主语是动作的承受者。）2、作为非谓语形式，分词可用作形容词和副词，在句子中充当定语、表语、补语和状语。但它仍保持动词的一般特征，可以有自己的宾语和状语。分词和自己的宾语、状语构成分词短语。1)Thequestionbeingdiscussedseemsimportant.(定语)=Thequestionwhichisbeingdiscussedseemsimportant.2)Theolddaysaregone.(表语)3)Walkingalongthesands,Crusoesawinthesandthemarkofaman’sfoot.(状语)=Whilehewaswalkingalongthesands,Crusoe…1)Ihadmyhaircutyesterday.(宾语补足语)II.ParticiplesasAdverbials1.分词和分词短语作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、行为方式等意义。表示时间和原因的分词短语相当于对应的状语从句。例如:1)Seeingtheteacherenteringtheroom,thestudentsstoodup.=Whenthestudentssawtheteacherenteringtheroom,theystoodup.2)Heated,theMetalexpands.=Themetalexpandsif/whenitisheated.3)Beingexcited,Icouldn’tgotosleep.=AsIwasexcited,Icouldn’tgotosleep.4)Beingastudent,hewasinterestedinsports.=Ashewasastudent,hewasinterestedinsports.5)InspiredbyDr.Yang’sspeech,LiHuaandhisclassmatesdecidedtostudyphysicsharder.=AstheywereinspiredbyDr.Yang’sspeech,LiHuaandhisclassmatesdecidedtostudyphysicsharder.6)Whilereadingthenewspaper,fathernoddedfromtimetotime.=Whilehewasreadingthenewspaper,fathernoddedfromtimetotime.7)Havingfailedthreetimes,hedidn’twanttotryagain.=Ashehadfailedthreetimes,hedidn’twanttotryagain.2.分词短语做状语的原则：1)现在分词的动作和谓语动作同时或几乎同时发生、意思是主动的。2)过去分词的动作在谓语动作之前发生，且及物动词的过去分词意思是被动的。3)现在分词做状语时，该动作是由句子的主语发出的。4)过去分词做状语时，该动作是施加到句子主语上的。3.状语从句转化为分词短语做状语1)Whenshesawnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.2)Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,ashewaspreparingaspeechforthepresident.Seeingnobodyathome,shedecidedtoleavethemanote.Thesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,preparingaspeechforthepresident.3)Becausehewastiredofthenoise,heclosedthewindow.4)Aftertheyhadwateredthevegetables,theybegantopickuptheapples.5)Afterhefinishedthework,hepackedhistoolsandleft.Tiredofthenoise,heclosedthewindow.Havingwateredthevegetables,theybegantopickuptheApples.Havingfinishedthework,hepackedhistoolsandleft.注意：分词做状语时，根据表意需要，前面会保留引起状语从句的连词。1)AfterIatemydinnerquickly,IwenttoseeJimoff.2)ThoughtheenginewasbuiltbeforetheSecondWorldWar,itisstillingoodcondition.Aftereatingmydinnerquickly,IwenttoseeJimoff.ThoughbuiltbeforetheSecondWorldWar，theengineisstillingoodcondition.3)Tomwillneverdothisunlesshewasforced.4)ShehasbeenquitedifferentsinceshecamebackfromAmerica.Tomwillneverdothisunlessforced.She’sbeenquitedifferentsincecomingbackfromAmerica.Exercise:Changetheadverbialclauseineachofthefollowingsentencesintoaparticipialphrase.1.Tomfelttired,sohewenttobedatonce.2.Ihadworkedforalongtime,soIfeltverytired.3.Johnputonhisraincoatbecausehesawthatitwasraining.4.Ashewassteppingcarelesslyoffthepavement,hewasknockeddownbythebus.5.Asshehadbeentheremanytimes,sheknewtheplacequitwell.6.Ashewascaughtonthespot,thethiefadmittedhiscrime.