表语从句详细讲解及练习

什么叫名词性从句？在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses）名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句名词性从句nounclause主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句appositiveclause名词性从句中的连接词连词:that/whether/asif(though);连接代词:what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever，连接副词:where/when/why/how/wherever/wheneverPredicativeClauses表语从句Eg.（例子）①Thepersonstoodinfrontofyoujustnowismyheadmaster.刚才站在你前面的那个人是我的校长。②Ididn’tknowthatitwasyouatthattime.当时我不知道那是你。③Thedoorremainedclosed.门仍然关着。④Mary’sdailyjobiscleaningthehouse.玛丽的日常工作就是打扫这间房子。名词充当表语代词充当表语动词过去分词充当表语动词-ing形式充当表语⑤Thehouseisnotonlylargebutalsobeautiful.这所房子不仅大而且漂亮。⑥WhenIwenttoyourhouse,youwereout.当我到你家的时候，你不在家。⑦Noonewasinthedorm,whenshearrived.当她到达的时候，宿舍里没有人。⑧MyjobistoteachyouEnglish.我的工作是教你们英语。⑨Thereasonwhyhecamelatewasthathisclockdidn’twork.他迟到的原因是他的闹钟坏了。介词短语充当表语副词充当表语形容词充当表语不定式充当表语从句充当表语表语结构：放在系动词之后作用：说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的成分：表语常由名词、代词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动词的-ing、数词及从句来充当。1.ThisisanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.2.Thedinnersmellsgood.3.Hefellinlove.4.MyjobistoteachyouEnglish.5.Thequestioniswhowilldoit.表语从句1.表语从句的定义Thequestioniswhowilldoit.Thequestionisdifficult.（表）表语从句（表）表语从句的定义：表语从句在复合句中作主句的表语。表语从句和主语指同一内容，它对主语进行解释、说明，使主语的内容具体化。结构是“主语+系动词+引导词+简单句（表语从句）”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be,look,remain,seem等。Definition（定义）可以接表语从句的系动词有：1:be动词2:感官动词：feel,seem,look,appear,sound,taste,smell3:表示状态：remain,keep,stay4:表示变化：become,get,grow,turn,go,fall5:证明：prove,turnout系动词的固定搭配:cometrue,fallasleep,fallill,gobad连接词：that/whether/asif/asthough连接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what连接副词：when/where/why/how/because引导词观察思考：指出句子成分HenrywasanAmericanbusinessman.HenrymetanAmericanbusinessman.主语表语主语谓语宾语（及物动词）连系动词2.表语从句的构成主语+系动词+引导词+简单句Thisiswhyhedidit.表语从句放在连系动词之后，充当复合句中的表语。WhatIwanttosayisthatIamtiredPredictiveclause表语从句1.that1)that在从句中不担任句子成分，无实际意义，一般不能省略2)在表“建议，劝说，命令”的名词idea,suggestion,request,proposal等后面的表语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”（虚拟语气），should可省略1)Myopinionisthatit’sgettingbetterandbetter.2)Mysuggesstionisthatwe(should)startearlytomorrow.引导词的用法（一）名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句主语名词常常是表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact,truth表示看法，观点、问题、麻烦的名词，如：idea,opinion,belief,view,news,advice,feeling,suggestion,plan,trouble,question,problem,1.Thefactisthatourteamhaswonthegame.2.Thetruthisthatshewastheverypersonwearelookingfor.what在表语从句中充当______________表示____________________________.1.Thequestioniswhatcausedtheaccident.2.Thatmountainisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.3.Whathetoldyouwaswhathadbeendiscussedatthemeeting.主语、宾语或表语什么，什么样子，或所…的（人或事）引导词的用法（二）who在表语从句中充当______________表示____.1.Theproblemiswhocoulddothework2.Mytroubleiswho(whom)Icanturnto.主语、宾语或表语谁引导词的用法（三）which在引导表语从句时,常充当_____________表示。如：Ireadaboutitinsomebookoranother,butwhatIdon’tknowiswhich(book)itis.定语,表语其中哪一个引导词的用法（四）whether在表语从句中表,但不充当句子的成分。if引导表语从句.如:1.Whatthedoctorreallydoubtsiswhethermymotherwillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.2.Thequestioniswhetheritisworthdoing.“是否”不能引导词的用法（五）whether现在唯一要弄清楚的是他是否拐卖妇女儿童。他提出的第一个问题是：儿子无出息，父母也不光彩，是否如此？Allthatistobemadecleariswhetherheabductedandsoldwomenandchildren.Thefirstthingheputforwardswaswhetheraworthlesssonwasadisgracetohisparents.asif,asthough引导的表语从句asif/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。e.g.Itsoundsasif/thoughsomebodywasknockingatthedoor.主语+连系动词（look/seem/appear……）+that/asif从句引导词的用法（六）*asif/asthough引导的表语从句如果是事实，就用陈述语气，如果与事实不符，就用虚拟语气(主句一般现在时，从句就用一般过去时，be的话变成were。主句是一般过去时，从句用过去完成时)。Itlooksasifhewereherownfather.(与事实不符)Darkcloudsaregathering.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.As/asif、asthough形势并不像外表所看到的那样。她看上去很担忧他父母的病情。他好像疯了似的。Thesituationisnotasitseemstobe.Shelooksasifsheisworriedaboutherfather’sdisease.Itwasasthoughheweremad.becausebecause引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/Itisbecause…”结构中。Myangerisbecauseyouhaven’twrittentomeforalongtime.你为什么不来出席座谈会？是病了么？Whywereyouabsentfromtheforum?Wasitbecauseyouwereill?引导词的用法（七）that,why与because引导表语从句时的区别虽然三者均可引导表语从句，但that没有词义，而why和because有自己的意思；另外，虽然why和because都可引导表语从句，但前者强调结果，后者强调原因。如：Thereasonwasthatyoudon’ttrusther.原因是你不信任她。Thefactisthattheyareangrywitheachother.事实是他们生彼此的气。Hewasill.That’swhyhewassenttothehospital.他病了，所以被送到医院来。Hewassenttothehospital.That’sbecausehewasill.他被送到医院，是因为他生病了。填空:Thereasonwhywedidn'ttrusthimis______hehasoftenlied．reason做主语时，表语从句只能用that引导,不能用why引导。句型结构为：Thereason(why…/for…)is/wasthat….Thereasonisthat……thatThereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedthetrainbyoneminutethismorning（当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because）他早上来晚的原因是他晚了一分钟而没赶上火车。注意：主语为reason时，表语从句连接词用that,但以it,this,that开头做主语的句子，则可用because。Thereasonforhisbeinglatewasthathemissedtheearlybus.Shewaslatethismorning.Thatwasbecauseshemissedtheearlybus.*Thereason____hewaslatewasthathemissedtheearlybus.why例题2：Thereasonwhyhefailedis________hewastoocareless.A.becauseB.thatC.forD.becauseofB注意点2：主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句，不可用because.连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever连接副词where,when,how,why。Theproblemiswhowecangettoreplaceher.问题是我们能找到谁去替换她呢。Thequestionishowhedidit.问题是他是如何做此事的。Thatwaswhatshedidthismorningonreachingtheattic.那就是她今晨上了阁楼干的。Thatiswherehewasborn.那就是他出生的地方。where,when,wh