if条件句和should的用法

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If引导条件句的用法1、真实条件句用于陈述语气,假设的情况可能发生,其中if是如果的意思。时态关系句型:条件从句主句一般现在时shall/will+动词原形Ifhecomes,hewillbringhisviolin.典型例题Thevolleyballmatchwillbeputoffifit___.A.willrainB.rainsC.rainedD.israined答案B。真实条件句主句为将来时,从句用一般现在时。注意:1)在真实条件句中,主句不能用begoingto表示将来,该用shall,will.(错)Ifyouleavenow,youarenevergoingtoregretit.(对)Ifyouleavenow,youwillneverregretit.2)表示真理时,主句谓语动词便不用shall(will)+动词原形,而直接用一般现在时的动词形式。2非真实条件句1)时态:可以表示过去,现在和将来的情况。它的基本特点是时态退后。a.同现在事实相反的假设。句型:条件从句主句一般过去时should(would)+动词原形Iftheywerehere,theywouldhelpyou.b.表示于过去事实相反的假设。句型:条件从句主句过去完成时should(would)have+过去分词Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.Thericewouldnothavebeenburntifyouhadbeenmorecareful.IfmylawyerhadbeenherelastSaturday,hewouldhavepreventedmefromgoing.Ifhehadcomeyesterday,Ishould/wouldhavetoldhimaboutit.含义:Hedidnotcomeyesterday,soIdidnottellhimaboutit.Ifhehadnotbeenillandmissedmanyclasses,hewouldhavemadegreaterprogress.含义:Hewasillandmissedmanylessons,sohedidnotmakegreaterprogress.c.表示对将来的假想句型:条件从句主句一般过去时should+动词原形were+不定式would+动词原形should+动词原形Ifyousucceeded,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyoushouldsucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.Ifyouweretosucceed,everythingwouldbeallright.3混合条件句主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,这时主,从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这叫做混合条件句。Ifyouhadaskedhimyesterday,youwouldknowwhattodonow.(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)Ifithadrainedlastnight(过去),itwouldbeverycoldtoday(现在).4虚拟条件句的倒装虚拟条件句的从句部分如果含有were,should,或had,可将if省略,再把were,should或had移到从句句首,实行倒装。Weretheyherenow,theycouldhelpus.=Iftheywereherenow,theycouldhelpus.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditrain,thecropswouldbesaved.=Wereittorain,thecropswouldbesaved.注意:在虚拟语气的从句中,动词’be’的过去时态一律用were,不用was,即在从句中be用were代替。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgotolookforhim.如果我是你,就会去找他。Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。典型例题_____todothework,Ishoulddoitsomeotherday.A.IfwereIB.IwereC.WereID.WasI答案C.在虚拟条件状语中如果有were,should,had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前,变成were,should,had+主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说WereInottodo.,而不能说Weren’tItodo.5特殊的虚拟语气词:should1)Itisdemanded/necessary/apity+that…结构中的主语从句的谓语动词要用should加动词原形,should可省略。句型:(1)suggestedItis(2)importantthat…+(should)do(3)apity(1)suggested,ordered,proposed,required,demanded,requested,insisted;+(should)do(2)important,necessary,natural,strangeapity,ashame,nowonder(3)Itissuggestedthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Itisnecessarythathe(should)cometoourmeetingtomorrow.2)在宾语从句中的应用在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中。order,suggest,propose,require,demand,request,insist,command,insist+(should)doIsuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.注意:如suggest,insist不表示建议或坚持要某人做某事时,即它们用于其本意暗示、表明、坚持认为时,宾语从句用陈述语气。Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybodyobeytherules.判断改错:(错)Youpalefacesuggeststhatyou(should)beill.(对)Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.(错)Iinsistedthatyou(should)bewrong.(对)Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.3)在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用在suggestion,proposal,idea,plan,order,advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。Myideaisthatwe(should)getmorepeopletoattendtheconference.Imakeaproposalthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.could,should和would除了分别是can,shall和will的过去式,还有其他的用法,有人学英语多年还容易将其搞混淆,因此使用时要特别注意:1.could的用法(1)表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等态度:HowcouldJohnbesoarrogant?约翰怎么这么傲慢?Hecouldn'tbeoverforty.他不可能有40多岁了。Wherecouldshebenow?她现在能在哪儿呢?以上三个句子可以用can代替could,两者在时间上没有差别,只是用could时语气较缓和,用can时不相信程度更强一些。(2)比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法:Could(Can)youlendmeyourwalkman?你能把随身听借给我用一下吗?CouldIseeyourcredentials?我可以看看你的证件吗?这时could和can没有时间上的差别。(3)在虚拟条件句中作助动词,与谓语动词一起构成谓语:Icoulddoit(ifIwould).(假如我愿意的话)我是能办到这一点的。(指说话人不愿意)Youcouldhavedonebetterifyouhadbeenmorecareful.你要是再细心一点,是可以做得更好的。2.should的用法(1)表示惊异、赞叹、不满等情绪:Itissimplyamiraclethatriceshouldgrowinsuchaplace.稻子竟能在这样的地方生长,这实在是个奇迹。It'swonderfulthatyoushouldgetfullmarks.你得了满分真了不起。Whyshouldyoubesolatetoday?你今天怎么来得这么晚?(2)表示委婉地陈述自己的意见:Ishouldthinkyouareright.我想你是对的。(3)(表示语气较强的假设)万一,竟然:Ifheshouldfailtocome,askTomtoworkinhisplace.万一他不来,就叫汤姆代替他工作。(4)(表示可能性、推测)可能,该:Mysistershouldbehomebynow.我妹妹现在应该到家了。(5)(表示建议、命令、愿意等)应该:Imovethatheshouldcomewithus.我坚持他应和我们一起去。3.would的用法(1)用在虚拟语气的主句中:Ifyouwenttoseehim,hewouldbedelighted.如果你去看他,他一定非常高兴。Shewouldhavecomeifshehadn'tbeensobusy.要不是忙她就来了。(2)委婉地提出请求、建议或看法:Wouldyoutakeaseat?请坐!(3)表示意愿,在陈述语气和虚拟语气都可用:Hewouldnotleavebeforehefinishedhiswork.他在完成工作以前不愿离开。(4)表示过去反复发生的动作:Nowandthenablackbirdwouldcall.不时会有山鸟叫。(5)表示过去的一种倾向:Thewoundwouldnotheal.伤口老不愈合。(6)表示推测:Thatwouldbeinspring1989.那大概是在1989年春天。should和would都是情态动词,也是助动词,你应该知道,它们两个有时也可以不译。首先should,在汉语中,我们常译为:应该。而would常译为:可以或者是将要。给个例子youshouldcleantheclassroom。你应该打扫教室。Itwouldberainsoon。不久将会下雨。而仅仅将这两个词做比较,显然should比would语气更强烈我今年刚高考完。还有几个需要提醒你,1个用法sbshuoldhavedonesth某人应该做什么事(注意是应该,而实际上没做)。should和would的区别和用法1)should无词义,只是shall的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,只用于第一人称。例如:ItelephonedhimyesterdaytoaskwhatIshoulddonextweek.我昨天给他打电话,问他我下周干什么。比较:WhatshallIdonextweek?Iasked.我下周干什么?我问道。(可以说,shall变成间接引语时,变成了should。)2)would也无词义,是will的过去形式,与动词原形构成过去将来时,用于第二、第三人称。例如:Hesaidhewouldcome.他说他要来。比较:Iwillgo,hesaid.他说:我要去那儿。变成间接引语,就成了:Hesaidhewouldcome.原来的will变成would,go变成了come.。should本应该做某事却没有做,表示责备和遗憾.如;Youshouldahvetoldmeth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