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Unit3LanguageinuseMakeadialogwithyourclassmateslikethis:A:Hi,…What’swrongwithyou?B:Ihavea…A:I’msorrytohearthat.Youshould…B:IthinkIwill.A:Ihope…B:Thankyou.Samgotsicktwodaysago.Samhasbeensickfortwodays.Sherrygotherdriver’slicense(执照)in1999.Sherryhashadherdriver’slicensesince1999.ArnoldstartedtoplaytennisinJanuary.ArnoldhasplayedtennissinceJanuary.MaggiemovedtoHawaiiin1996.MaggiehaslivedinHawaiiforabout18years.Readthefollowingsentences.Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Myaunthasworkedinaclinicsince2009.IhaveknownXiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl.MybrotherhasbeenintheYouthLeaguefortwoyears.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始、一直持续到现在，多与“since+点时间”或“for+段时间”连用。for表示“经过(一段时间)”，而since表示“自从(…以来)”。常见结构如下：现在完成时---since和for的用法for+表示一段时间的状语一段时间+agosince+表示过去的某一时间点从句来看几个例句吧：Hehaslivedherefor16years.他住在这里有十六年了。Hehaslivedheresince16yearsago.他从十六年前起就住在这里了。Hehaslivedheresince1991.他从1991年起就住在这里了。Hehaslivedheresincehewasborn.他从出生起就住在这里。在对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，我们常用howlongHowlonghaveyouplayedbasketball?---HowlonghasMarybeenateacher?---Sincetwoyearsago.介词for短语表示一个时间段，指某个动作或情况到现在为止已持续了多久；since作为介词，接一个时间名词，作为连词，引导一个时间状语从句(从句动词一般是短暂性动词)，since表示“自…以来”，指某个动作或情况从过去某一点时间一直持续到现在，因此，与for或since引出的时间状语连用的句子(或主语)谓语动词必须是持续性的。英语中有些动词的意义不能持续，表示的是一瞬间就结束的动作，这些动词被称为非持续性动词或短暂性动词，常见的如come,leave,go,lose,see,begin,start,arrive,become,die,buy,borrow,close,join,reach,fall,getup等。这类动词可以用于完成时态，但在肯定句中不能与表示动作延续的时间状语for或since短语连用。如：正:Hehascomeback.他已回来。误:Hehascomebackforthreedays.若要表示“他回来已三天了”这样的意思，可以将动词改为延续性动词，或改变时间状语，或改用别的句型等，如译为：Hehasbeenbackforthreedays.(改变谓语动词)Hehasbeenbacksincethreedaysago.(改变谓语动词)Hecamebackthreedaysago.(改变时间状语及动词时态)It’sthreedayssincehecameback.(改变句型)come,go,begin,start,become,join,end,die,buy,arrive,reach,borrow,lend,gettoknow等这些短暂性动词如果要谈论一个动作发生在过去某个时间点，我们可以使用ago或一般过去时。如：KittyhasleftBeijingfortwodays.KittyleftBeijingtwodaysago.KittyhasbeenawayfromBeijingfortwodays.Kittyhasboughtherpursesincelastyear.Kittyboughtherpurseayearago.Kittyhashadherpurseforayear.√√√√在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将短暂性动词转化为相同意义的延续性动词或状态动词。初中英语中常见的有：短暂性动词延续性动词go,leave,movearrive,come,reachjoin,become,buy/get(得到)beaway(off),beoutofbehere,bein+某地bein,bea(an)+n.have短暂性动词延续性动词fallill(asleep)finish,endbegin,startbegintolearn(work,read,rain)gooutgetupborrowgettoknowdielosebeill(asleep)beoverbeonlearn,work,read,rainbeoutbeupkeepknowbedeadbelost非持续性动词用于完成时态，在肯定句中不能与for或since引出的短语(或句子)连用，但在否定句中是可以的，因为一个非延续性动词一旦被否定即成为状态，而状态总是可以延续的。如：Ihaven’tseenhimforalongtime.我很久没见到他了。Hehasn’tcomehereforsometime.他有段时间没来了。Ihaven’theardfromhersincesheleft.自她离开以后，我一直没收到她的来信。Practice用括号内词的正确形式填空。1.Theoldman________(live)heresince1992.2._____you_______(visit)ourfactoryyet?3.I__________(notsee)youforalongtime.You_____________(change)alot.4.I’mafraidI__________(keep)youwaitingforalongtime.5.He__________(know)thecitysincehewasveryyoung.haslivedHavevisitedhaven’tseenhavechangedhavekepthasknown选用for和since填空:1.Wehaven’tseeneachother______alongtime.2.HisfatherhasbeenintheParty______10yearsago.3.Thefilmhasbeenon______20minutes.forsincefor4.MrGreenhasworkedhere______hecametoChina.5.Hisgrandparentshavebeendead______severalyears.6.It’sfiveyears_______wemetlasttime.sinceforsince用for或since完成下列句子。1.JillisinIrelandnow.Shearrivedtherethreedaysago.Shehasbeenthereforthreedays.2.Jackishere.HearrivedhereonTuesday.Hehas______________________________.3.IknowSue.IfirstmetSuetwoyearsago.I’ve_______________________________________________.beenheresinceTuesday.knownSuesincetwoyearsago./fortwoyears.真题链接()1.—Excuseme,whereisMr.Brown'soffice?—Sorry,Idon'tknow.I_____hereforonlyafewdays.(2011河南省)A.workB.workedC.haveworkedD.willworkC()2.Mygrandmother______alotofchangesinTianjinsinceshecamehere.(2011天津)A．seesB.canseeC.willseeD.hasseenD()3.ImanynewfriendssinceIcamehere.(2011贵州毕节)A.makeB.madeC.willmakeD.havemadeD()4.Myauntisawriter.She____morethantenbookssince1980.(2011北京)A.writesB.wroteC.haswrittenD.willwriteC()5.I____Mr.SmithsincehemovedtoShanghai.(2012北京)A.didn’thearfromB.don’thearfromC.won’thearfromD.haven’theardfromD()6.NotonlyJambutalsohisparents______afewinterestingplacessincetheycametoChina.(2012湖北黄石)A.willvisitB.hasvisitedC.havevisitedD.visitedC()7.—Lookatthesestamps.I_____themforfiveyears.—Wow,theyarewonderful.(2013湖南衡阳)A.keptB.havekeptC.haveboughtB()8.He_____fortenyears.(2013四川雅安)A.hasbeenmarriedB.marriedC.gotmarriedD.hasmarriedA()9.MysisterhaslearntEnglish_____.(2013四川雅安)A.fortwelveyearsagoB.sinceshewasfourC.twelveyearsagoD.attheageoffourB()10.She______thebook_______twodaysago.(2013黑龙江绥化)A.hasborrowed;sinceB.haskept;sinceC.kept;forB()11.I______myhometownforalongtime.Ireallymissit.(2014黔西南州)A.leftB.wentawayfromC.haveleftD.havebeenawayfromD()12.He_____inthisfactoryfor20yearsalready.(2014北京)A.willworkB.worksC.hasworkedD.isworkingC()13.—Anewshop_______foraweeknearby.Let’shavealookthere.—Goodidea.Butitdoesn’t______onMondays.(2014鄂州)A.opened;openedB.hasbeenopened;openC.hasopened;openedD.hasbeenopen;openD()14.—WhenwillABiteofChinaIIbegintonight?—It______fortenminutes.(2014扬州)A.willbeginB.hasbeg