搜索
cloze雷涛补全心理格式塔心理学:当看见不完整的事物时，人们根据脑子里对事物的完整概念，会在思想上把它补全.完形填空是高考试题中的一个重要部分。完形填空共20题，考试时间为20分钟左右，分值为30分，占总分的20％。在两篇题材熟悉、难度适中的短文(约350词)内留有20个空格，每个空格为一题，每题有四个选择项，要求考生在全面理解内容的基础上选择一个最佳答案，使短文的意思和结构恢复完整。一.《高中英语课程标准和考试说明》对高考完形填空的规定：完形填空部分的目的是测试学生综合运用语言的能力（测试能力要求大体接近大学非英语专业二年级水平。）完型填空考查综合运用语言的能力：1）词语辨析能力2）语法结构分析能力3）语篇理解能力4）逻辑推理能力5）文化背景透析能力6）生活常识综合运用能力…二.完型填空试题主要特点：1.两篇完型填空，一篇记叙文，一篇说明文或者议论文。设空仍然20个，首句不挖空。3.干扰项设计严密。一般情况下，四个选项的词性相同或属于同等或对等范畴，干扰项填入后在语法上并不存在错误，对考生有很大的迷惑作用。2.内容完整,逻辑性强,语言结构严谨。生词少,难度适中。6.大多富有积极的教育意义，给人以人生的启迪或是充满了生活情趣。4.考察重点多为实词:名词/代词/动词/形容词/副词等；单词为主、短语为辅。5.关注语境背景知识,侧重上下关联,暗示判断能力。试题特征：一般都有较为完整的要素，如时间、地点、人物和事件等。Itwasabusymorning，about8:30,whenanelderlygentlemaninhis80scametothehospital.……2010全国卷（I）1、议论文的设题往往多以上下文为基础，利用承前信息或滞后信息，使读者有所依托。2、议论文中表达作者态度或看法的词较多，所以，试题中对形容词和副词的考查往往也较多。问题跳跃性较大。我们做题时，既要看事实，又要感悟作者的态度与情感。1、说明文直白性较强，脉络清晰。2、说明文的层次清晰，整体性强，所以，递进性词汇和名词的设题往往出现得较多。只要把握这些关键，做完形填空便会得心应手，游刃有余。词汇(大部分)三.高考完形填空考什么？语法结构篇章结构四.解题方法：总的原则:先完意，后完形。三步曲：读——填——读十六字方针：上下通气，瞻前顾后，左顾右盼，前后照应。五.完形填空具体解题步骤通览------选填-----复核1通览----速读全文，把握大意跳格快速阅读一下全文，通过通览全文、领会大意，概略地了解文章的体裁、背景、内容等等。2选填----紧扣文意，瞻前顾后先易后难，逐层深入。紧扣全文内容，联系上下文和语境，展开逻辑推理，注意从上下文中寻找线索，注意词汇的意义、搭配，惯用法，语法，常识等多个角度进行综合考，选项入格。3复核----全面检查，确保语意连贯，用词准确复读全文验证答案。带着答案把全文再通读一遍，注意看所选答案填入空白处后能否做到文章意思通顺、前后连贯、逻辑严谨、结构完整、首尾呼应。完形填空之解题技巧Basicskillsofcloze1.复现一.词汇(2010北京卷)Mrs.Neilwouldaskmeformy37.ShewantedtoknowhowIthought……ShebelievedIhadopinions,soIbeganto…….37.A.opinionB.impressionC.informationD.intentionopinions语境-原词重现(2010陕西卷）Ihadsome28inmypocket,butIwouldnotgivethemtohim,thinkingtomyselfhewould29（only）usethemoneytofeedhisaddictiontodrugsoralcohol.28.A.chocolatesB.coinsC.tinsD.drugs语境-同义词、近义词复现money罐，罐头满足…瘾(2008山东)Garth’se-mailwas,butIlearnedmorefromthat___thanIeverdidfromatextbook.A.accurateB.urgentC.briefD.humorousmessageshort语境-同义词、近义词复现紧急的Chinesegovernmentchallengedlocalshoolstoconductexperimentsin-educationreform.AndthenRendaFuzhongXisanschoolinBeijingsteppeduptothe_______.A.chargesB.exchangeC.challengeD.experience语境-原词重现(词性变化)challenged142.词语的习惯用法和固定搭配一.词汇（全国III）Iadmiredthefactthathewouldtalktostudentsoutsidetheclassroomortalkwiththem44thetelephone.44.A.inB.byC.fromD.on语境+固定搭配Here’safellowwhojustwalkedintoabankandhelpedhimself＿＿＿＿＿somuchmoney.A.forB.byC.toD.of分析:表示“自取，随便拿”这个意义的短语是helponeselfto…故答案为C。OnApril12,1888,Alfred’sbrotherLudwigdiedofheartattack.AmajorFrenchnewspaper___hisbrotherforhimand…A.foundB.misunderstoodC.mistookD.judged能与“AforB”搭配的在四个选项中只有选项C,mistakeAforB意为“误以为A是B，把A错当成B”。注意：mistake-mistook-mistaken(NMET)Everymorningshewouldgivehimbreakfast29bedandbringhimnewspapersto30.29.A.toB.atC.inD.by30.A.checkB.readC.keepD.sign(2008安徽)Whenwelookatitasawhole,webegintohavesome____,whicheventhebestguidebooksdonot.A.ideasB.opinionsC.feelingsD.questionsanswer3.词汇辨析词汇题一.词汇Chuckisabusinessmanwhoisalwayssobusythathehas___timeforhisfriends.A.manyB.muchC.littleD.few语境+词语辨析Withherslowandclumsyreactions,shewouldsurely____herteam.A.holdonB.holdoutC.holdoverD.holdup坚持住；不挂断伸出等推迟阻碍,举起，抢劫，推迟语境+词语辨析笨拙的Atthismoment,theairhostess1.Shelookedpale,butwasquite2.1.A.showedB.presentedC.exposedD.appeared2.A.wellB.stillC.calmD.quietVt.Vt.Vt.Vi上下语境二.语境Theprofessorbeginsbyselectingone2ofart.Aftergivingusaquickbackgroundontheartist,hewillopenupforclass3(discussion).2.A.bookB.passageC.textD.work开始Manyoldpeopledon’thavegood_____.A.hearingB.healthC.eyesight1)Theycan’twatchTV,buttheycanlistentomusicornewsovertheradio.C2)Theycan’tlistentomusicornewsovertheradio,buttheycanreadwithglasses.3)Theycan’twalkoutside,buttheycanwatchTVorlistentomusicornewsovertheradioathome.AB(江苏)On39days,sheworeheavyclothesandapairofwoolengloves.Summertime40(brought)outneat,beltedcottondressesandahatpulledlowoverhersunglasses.39.A.sunnyB.rainyC.cloudyD.snowyIclimbedthestairsslowly,carryingabigsuitcase,myfatherfollowingwithtwomore.BythetimeIgottothethirdfloor,Iwas1andthesametimefeelinglonely.Worsestill,Dad2astepandfell,sendingmynewsuitcase3downthestairs.1.A.helplessB.lazyC.anxiousD.tired2.A.tookB.mindedC.missedD.picked3.A.rollingB.passingC.droppingD.turningIdidverybadlyatschool.MyheadmasterthoughtIwas36andwhenIwas14,hesaid,“You’renevergoingtobeanythingbutafailure.”36.A.brightB.uselessC.simpleD.hopefulAllovertheworldpeopleswimforfun.Swimmingisenjoyedbypeopleof______ages,fromtheveryyoungtotheveryold.Therearemanyplacesforpeopletoswimin.A.allB.noneC.someD.both(2000全国春季)4.Thestrangethingwasthatpracticallythestudents,andveryfewpeoplestayeduplateatnight.thenewpeoplestayedupor______class.A.attendedB.tookC.missedD.studiedallOnlywenttoclass实际ConsidertheeverydayEnglish__87__Goodbye.87.A.expressionB.statementC.proverbD.conversationGoodbye为所填之词的同位语，goodbye为下义词，其上义词应该是A，expression。Goodbye属于expression逻辑手段让步关系转折关系因果关系解释关系顺序关系并列关系…三.逻辑和语法IthasbeenmanyyearssinceIwaslastinLondon＿＿＿＿＿Istillremembersomethingthathappenedduringthatvisit.A.andB.forC.butD.as语境-转折关系Traveling____,todaybecomesyesterday;travelingwestitistomorrow.A.southB.eastC.northD.west语境-平行转折关系____fatherandIoftenarguewitheachother,wearegoodfriends.A.IfB.AlthoughC.WhenD.Asif语境-让步关系（2010安徽卷)Firstofall,apens