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nounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ingV-edetc.主语谓语宾语宾语宾补表语宾语(间)宾语(直)VtV-lViNoun/PronounThe+adjV-ing/ClauseInfinitiveNoun/Pronoun/The+adjV-ing/Clause/Infinitivebe/feel/seem/lookappear/stand/liebecome/get/grow/turngo/come/remain/keeptaste/smelletc.nounpronounadj./adv.infinitiveV-ing/V-edclauseetc.主语＋不及物动词Shecame．/Myheadaches.主语＋及物动词＋宾语ShelikesEnglish.主语＋系动词＋主语补语(表语）Sheishappy．主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语ShegaveJohnabook．Sheboughtmeabook.主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语Shemakeshermotherangry．Theteacheraskedmetoreadthepassage.There+beThereisabookonthedesk.简单句基本句型实例简单句的基本词序主语动词部分宾语状语（谓语）方式地点时间Iboughtahatyesterday.Thechildrenranhome.Weateourmealinsilence.Thecarstoppedsuddenly.Pointoutthefunctionofeachnouninthefollowingsentences:1.Theworldlovesnature.2.Knowledgeispower.3.WeChinesearepeace-loving.subjectsubjectappositionpredicative句子简单句并列句复合句副词性从句形容词性从句名词性从句定语从句主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句appositiveclause比较状语从句地点状语从句时间状语从句让步状语从句条件状语从句目的状语从句方式状语从句结果状语从句原因状语从句名词性从句nounclause主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句appositiveclauseWhatarenounclauses?Hisstoryisinteresting.Whathesaidisinteresting.Iheardhisstory.Iheardwhathesaid.Ilistentohisstory.Ilistentowhathesaid.Thisishisstory.Thisiswhathesaid.Theideaofgoingthereisgood.Theideathatwegothereisgood.SubjectclauseObjectclauseObjectclauseafteraprepositionPredictiveclauseAppositiveclausePracticetime：指出下列各名词性从句的种类1.Atlunchtime,theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.2.Shewonderedifthebuseswouldstillberunning.3.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.4.Shesensedthatshewasbeingwatchedbyatallmaninadarkcoat.5.Whenwewillstartisnotclear.6.Ihadnoideathatyouwereherfriend.ObjectclauseObjectclausePredicativeclauseObjectclauseSubjectclauseAppositiveclause连接副词（4个）：when、why、where、how引导词从属连词（3个）：that、if、whether连接代词（9个）：who、whom、what、which、whose、whoeverwhomever、whatever、whichever、Practicetime.单句改错1.Thattheearthturnsaroundthesunareknowntoall.2.Whenthemeetingwillbeheldhaven’tbeenknownyet.3.Ididn’tknowthatyouwillcome.4.Hesaidthatheiswritingastory.5.Couldyoutellmewhenwillhearrive?6.YoucanbegintoseewhydoesEnglishhavesuchstrangerules.___is______hasn’t____would___was______hewill___________________EnglishhasObjectClauses宾语从句1.Iknowhim.2.Iknowwhoheis.主语谓语宾语（简单句）主语谓语宾语从句连词从句主语从句谓语主句（复合句）由从属连词that引导的宾语从句由连接代词Who,whom,whose,which，what和连接副词where,how,why,when引导的宾语从句由从属连词whether,if引导的宾语从句一、连词（引导词）1.当宾语从句是陈述句时（包括肯定句和否定句），连词由that引导，因为that在从句中不作任何成分，也没有任何具体意思，因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Shesays(that)shewon’ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.•2.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：•（1）当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，第二个that不能省；•（2）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。•（3）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句•Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.•Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.•IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.2.当宾语从句是一般疑问句时，由连词whether或if引导（口语中常用if），因为if/whether翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Let’sseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrowthesebooks.whether与if的辨用•表“是否”时，在下列情况下用whether。•a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句f.后接动词不定式(whethertodosth.)g.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if1).whether和if都可以引导宾语从句a..当whether后紧跟ornot时,不用if.eg:Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.eg:IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeeling.2.注意whether和if的使用区别Practicetimeif/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.3.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.4.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.5.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.8.Idon’tknow_______togo.if/whetherwhetherwhetherwhetherwhether3.当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时，由连接代词（what,who,whom,which,whose）或连接副词（when,where,how,why）引导，因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分，具有一定的意义，所以不可以省略Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idon’trememberwhenwearrived.IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewho(whom)wehavetosee.Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?Idon’tknowhowfaritistothecinema.Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool?Canyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?二、时态1.如果主句是现在的时态（包括一般现在时，现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根据实际情况而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.2.如果主句是过去的时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（包括一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.3.当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.1.Theradiosaysit_______cloudytomorrow.(be)2.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)3.Tomsaysthatthey_________(play)basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.4.Ihearthey__________(return)italready.5.Hesaidthatthey_________membersofthePartysince1948.(be)willbegoeswereplayinghavereturnedhadbeen6.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_______theletter.(write)7.Couldyoutellmewho_________awaythebookalready?(t