长江航道整治边滩守护及护底工程关键技术研究报告简本

西部交通建设科技项目合同号：2006328000128长江航道整治边滩守护及护底工程关键技术研究总报告（简本）长江航道局2009年6月中文题名长江航道整治边滩守护及护底工程关键技术研究英文题名Studyonthewaterwayregulation’skeytechnologiesofthesideshoalconservationandtheriverbottomprotectionprojectintheYangtzeRiver交通编号项目来源交通部单位编号HD—06合同号2006328000128分类号项目起止年限2006-2008第一完成单位长江航道局密级项目负责人李文全报告撰写人李文全刘怀汉郑惊涛付中敏主要研究人员王平义（教授、博导）曹民雄（教授级高工）谭伦武（高级工程师）蔡国正（高级工程师）杨成渝（副研究员）崔承章（教授）周华君（教授、博士）杨中超（副教授、博士）赵德玉（高级工程师）王秀红（工程师）赵凤亚（工程师）马爱兴（硕士）郑惊涛（硕士）郑英（工程师）雷国平（工程师）刘晓菲（硕士生）周良平（高级工程师）盛佳珺（硕士生）主题词长江，航道整治，护滩建筑物关键词边滩，水沙特性，模拟技术，破坏机理，平面布置，结构报告摘要本项目依托长江中游航道系统整治护滩工程，通过调研与实测资料分析、理论研究、二维水流数学模型计算、水槽概化模型试验、现场试验等多途径、多技术手段相结合，对长江航道整治边滩守护及护底工程关键技术进行了研究。专题一“边滩水沙运动特点及护滩（底）建筑物破坏机理研究”，通过数值计算和水槽定床模型研究了不同边滩形态下滩体附近的水位、流速、流场等水力特性，以及泥沙输移特性；利用水槽动床模型研究了边滩在不同水流条件、不同滩型，在有无护滩建筑物（护滩带、四面透水框架）防护下的滩槽冲淤特性。通过护滩带受力试验及受力分析，研究了护滩带破坏的机理问题。专题二“长江航道整治护滩（底）建筑物模拟技术研究”，选定X型系砼块软体排作为模拟的护滩建筑物，选取两种比尺（1：60和1：10），从几何相似、重力相似、平面布置相似以及变形相似等几个方面进行了护滩建筑物的相似模拟，经过试验不断改进，选择了较好的护滩材料及制作方式，基本解决了护滩建筑物模拟技术问题，较好地模拟出软体排护滩带边缘塌陷、排中部鼓包、排中部塌陷及边缘排体悬挂等几种主要破坏形式。专题三“边滩护滩（底）建筑物布置与结构研究”，通过调查分析、理论研究、水槽概化模型试验和现场试验等手段，对边滩护滩（底）建筑物平面布置与结构型式进行了较全面的研究；对不同的护滩（底）建筑物适用条件、优缺点分析以及工程应用中存在的问题，结合水槽模型试验，进行了护滩（底）工程总体效果研究。对已有工程的平面布置进行了总结分析；结合依托工程对软体排进行了大量的现场试验，并对试验资料进行了分析，提出了结构优化措施。本项目的创新点：首次系统研究了不同水流条件下，有、无护滩建筑物防护的不同滩型边滩的水沙运动特点及冲淤特性，并对护滩建筑物破坏机理进行了系统深入研究；解决了护滩（底）建筑物概化模型相似性设计和护滩建筑物的模拟技术问题，建立了边滩附近水流紊动及压力脉动频率、能量、流速与冲刷之间的关系；首次对透水框架的结构型式在长江航道整治工程中的应用进行了研究。本项目成果在长江中游马家咀水道航道整治一期工程、周天河段航道整治控导工程设计中得到应用，取得了明显成效。本项目研究成果还可在长江及其它河流航道整治工程中推广应用，具有广阔的应用前景。AbstractTheitemreliesonthesideshoalconservationprojectinthemiddlereachesoftheYangtzeRiver’swaterwaysystemregulation,throughmulti-channelandmulti-technologycombination’smethod,suchasinvestigateandsurvey,analysisofmeasureddata,theoreticalstudy,Two-dimensionalmathematicalmodelcalculate,generalizeflumemodelexperimentandfieldtesttostudythewaterwayregulation’skeytechnologiesofthesideshoalconservationandriverbottomprotectionprojectintheYangtzeRiver.Thefirsttopic“Studyonthesideshoal’swaterandsedimentmovementcharacterandtheriverbottomprotectionbuilding’sfailuremechanism”,bynumericalcalculationandflumefixed-bedmodelexperiment,studiedhydrauliccharacteristics,suchaswaterlevel,flowrate,flowfieldandsedimenttransportcharacteristicsneartheshoalindifferentsideshoalshape;byflumebedmodelexperiment,studiedthesideshoal’serosionanddepositioncharacteristicsindifferentflowconditions,differentshoalshape,existenceandnonexistencesideshoalconservationbuilding.Throughshoalconservationbelt’sforcetestandforceanalysis,studythedamagemechanismintheshoalconservationbelt.Thesecondtopic“Studyonthewaterwayregulation’sshoalconservationbuilding’ssimulationtechnologyintheYangtzeRiver”,selectedthetiedX-Concreteblocksoftbodyrowtosimulateshoalconservation’sbuilding,selecttwoscale,fromavarietyofsimilaritycriteria,suchasgeometrysimilarity,gravitysimilarity,layoutsimilarity,deformationsimilarity,tocarriedoutsimilarsimulationabouttheshoalconservationbuildings,aftercontinuousimprovementthroughthetest,chooseabettershoalconservationmaterialsandthewaytomakeit,basicallysolvedtheproblemoftheshoalconservationbuildingsimulationtechniques,bettersimulatethemainfailuremodesofthesoftbodyrowconservationbelt,suchasthecollapseoftheedge,centralbulge,centralcollapse,theedgeofsoftbodyrowsuspension,comparedwiththeprototype,basicallyreflectthedeformationoftheprototyperiverbedandtheshoalconservationbelt,givefurtherevidenceforthispaper,shoalconservationbuilding’ssimulationandtestingofcontroltechnology,canbeusedtosolvetheproblemoftheshoalconservationbuildingdamagemechanismandtheentitysimulationtechniques.Thethirdtopic“Studyontheshoalconservationbuilding’slayoutandstructure”,analysestheapplicationconditionofthedifferentshoalconservationbuildings,suchastherandomblocks,thedamandthesoftbodyrow,usedthegeneralizeflumemodelexperiment,underthepremiseoftheshoalconservationbuildingwasstability,studiedtheerosionoftheshorefaceduringtheshoalconservationbelt,howtoimpacttheriverbedresistance,howtoimpactwaterandsedimentmovementintherivercross-section,thentodeterminetheoveralleffectivenessoftheshoalconservationprojectcriterion.Thistopicstudiedthelayoutofshoalconservationbuildings,andthenputforwardameasuretostrengthenthestructuralstabilityoftheshoalconservationbuildings.Innovationofthisproject:Systemstudiedtheflowstructure(thewaterlevel,flowrate,flowfield),sedimentcharacteristicsneartheshoalunderdifferentshoalshape(compressionratio,aspectratio);systemstudiedtheshoal’serosionanddepositioncharacteristicsindifferentwaterconditions,differentshoalshape,existenceandnonexistenceshoalconservationbuilding;throughshoalconservationbelt’sforcetestandforceanalysis,studythedamagemechanismintheshoalconservationbelt;solvedtheproblemofthegeneralizemodel’ssimilardesignandthesimulationtechniquesoftheshoalconservationbuilding.TheprojectresultsareappliedinthedesignofthemiddlereachesofYangtzeRiver’sMajiazuiwaterwayfirst-stageconstruction,theZhoutianwaterwayregulationandtherivercontrolworks,achievingremarkableresults.ResearchresultsofthisprojectcanbeusedintheYangtzeRiverandotherriver’swaterwayre