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语法Grammar名词n.（一）概述•名词是表示人、地方、事物或抽象概念名称的词，可以说名词是万物之名称。它们可以是：•人的名字LiMing,Tom•地方名称China,London•职业称呼teacher,doctor•物品名称pencil,dictionary•行为名称study,invention•抽象概念history,grammar（二）名词的分类专有名词&普通名词可数名词&不可数名词1．专有名词主要指人名、地名及某些类人和事物专有的名称。如：Mary，Beijing，Americans,English，May,Saturday,EasterGonewiththeWind…2．普通名词除专有名词外，其它都属于普通名词。如：boy，classroom，book,bag,aunt,family,juice,milk,age,childhood…分类：专有名词（√）or普通名词（×）？Saturday,tea,Zhanghua,rain,WestLake，enemy,computer,beauty,Mrs.Greenweather,peace,ice-cream,Russians,JourneytotheWest√√√√√√××××××××1.可数名词（countablenoun）可以分清个体，以数目来计算的，有复数形式。如：book,girl,ruler,room,apple,box,bus,watch,day,zoo…2.不可数名词（uncountablenoun）不可以分清个体，不能以数目来计算，只有单数形式。如:water,milk,coffee,tea,rice,bread,work,study,love分类：可数名词（√）or不可数名词（×）？boy,knife,peace,potato,wind,tomato,hero,music,pleasure,map,radio,technology,desk,egg√√√×√√√√√××××√当然，也有特殊的哦～！1.既可以当可数名词又可以当不可数名词：可数不可数glasspapertimeorangeadvicetiniron…玻璃杯，眼镜玻璃报纸，试卷纸张次数，时代时间橙，橘子橙汁，橙色劝告;建议通知，公函，消息锡罐头铁熨斗在中文是可数，英文却不可数：如：money，cloth，bread，hair，meat，furniture，rice，news…因此，平时要多积累哦～！可数名词的复数形式1.规则变化：①一般情况在词尾加-s：desk→desks；day→days；girl→girls②以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词在词尾加-es：bus→buses；box→boxes；watch→watches③以辅音字母加y结尾的词变y为I再加-es：family→familiesfactory→factoriesparty→parties④以f或fe结尾的词变f或fe为v再加-es:knife→knives;life→lives;wife→wives;half→halvesImportant!!!Let’spractice~!I.写出下列名词的复数形式：1.house________2.village________3.map__________4.orange_________5.bag___________7.dish__________8.family___________9.boy___________10.monkey__________11.box__________12.knife__________13.class__________14.factory_________15.leaf__________16.dictionary__________17.watch_________housesvillagesmapsorangesbagsdishesfamiliesboysmonkeysboxesknivesclassesfactoriesleavesdictionarieswatches2.不规则变化：1）以o结尾加-es：potato→potatoestomato→tomatoeshero→heroesNegro→Negroes…2)字母a变e:man→men,woman→women,Frenchman→Frenchmen,policeman-policemen…3)字母oo变ee:tooth→teeth,foot→feet,goose→geese…但：German→Germanshuman→humans4)单复数同形：sheep→sheep,deer→deer,fish→fishChinese-Chinese,Japanese→Japanesecattle→cattle…5)其他：child→children,mouse→mice,medium→media,basis→bases…不同国籍的人的复数形式：1）加-s:AustralianAustraliansRussianRussiansItalianItaliansGreekGreeksAmericanAmericansIndianIndiansCanadianCanadiansGermanGermans2)变a为e：EnglishmanEnglishmenFrenchmanFrenchmen3）单复数同形：ChineseChineseJapaneseJapaneseSwissSwissExercises~!1.match__________2.man_________3.German__________4.tomato_________5.policeman________6.kilo__________7.human_________8.potato___________9.Chinese__________10.shelf__________11.Japanese_______12.American________13.life___________14.tooth__________15.wife___________16.foot___________17.knife__________18.sheep__________19.half___________20.key_____________matchesmenGermanstomatoespolicemenkiloshumanspotatoesChineseshelvesJapaneseAmericanslivesteethwivesfeetknivessheephalveskeys3.合成名词的复数形式：有主体时，主体变为复数father-in-lawfathers-in-law(岳父，公公）无主体时，结尾加“s”grown-upgrown-ups（成年人）go-betweengo-betweens（媒介者;中间人）如果其中有man或者woman，则两个都要变复数womandoctorwomendoctorsmandoctormendoctorsCanyoutry???把下列名词变复数形式：looker-onwomansingersister-in-lawmancookpasser-byhousewifebride-to-bewomandoctorschoolroomlookers-onwomensingerssisters-in-lawmencookspassers-byhousewivesbrides-to-bewomendoctorsschoolrooms名词n.Period21、orange_______2、class_________3、text________4、monkey_________5、piano________6、child_________7、shelf________8、bed__________9、country________10、family_________11、toy__________12、foot___________13、Japanese_______14、radio___________15、photo_________16.army___________17.cattle__________18.Australian________Brainstorm~!orangesclassestextsmonkeyspianoschildrenshelvesbedscountriesfamiliestoysfeetJapaneseradiosphotosarmiescattleAustraliansLet’slearnmore~!不可数名词的量的表达：可以加上一个表示数量的修饰词来表示它的数量,如:apieceof,acupof,abagof,aglassof,akiloof…一张纸apieceofpaper三张纸threepiecesofpaper一包大米abagofrice十包大米tenbagsofrice*可数名词也可以这样表达量,但要用复数形式：aboxofbooksfivebagsofapplestenkilosoforanges也就是短语里面可数名词要变复数的都变复数哦～！常用量词总结aglassof一玻璃杯acupof一杯abottleof一瓶abagof一包，一袋aboxof一盒；一箱apieceof一张(一片,块)akiloof一公斤；一千克abasketof一篮apairof一对，一双，一副agroupof一群，一队，一组Let’stry~!1、三杯水2、五杯茶3、一公斤米4、二十箱书5、三篮子蔬菜6、八双鞋子7、十杯牛奶8、五块肉9、一副眼镜threeglassesofwaterfivecupsofteaakiloofricetwentyboxesofbooksthreebasketsofvegetableseightpairsofshoestenglassesofmilkfivepiecesofmeatapairofglasses名词所有格：1)一般情况加-’s：children’sbooks儿童图书today’spaper今天的报纸(2)带词尾-s的复数名词只加(’)：girls’school女子学校theSmiths’car史密斯家的小汽车（3）注意以下情况：Tom’sandJim’srooms汤姆和吉姆(各自)的房间TomandJim’sroom汤姆和吉姆(共同)的房间一.用名词所有格填空：1.Theyaregoingtotheir________home.(grandparents)2.The_________shoesarebehindthedoor.(boy)3.Thisshopsells_________clothesonly.(men)4.Thosearemy______cars.(friends)5.Wearecleaningthe_______stables.(horses)Exercisesgrandparents’boys’men’sfriends’horses’6.Doyouknowwherethis_______handbagis?(lady)7.Manyofmy________houseswererobbed.(neighbours)8.The________uniformsarered.(player)9.Thesearethe__________toys.(children)lady’sneighbours’players’children’s1.______roomisnexttotheirparents’.A.Kate’sandJoan’sB.Kate’sandJoanC.KateandJoan’sD.KateandJoan2.June1is_______.A.children’sdayB.children’sDay