英语语法限定词

限定词（二）冠词定冠词不定冠词零冠词定冠词的用法１.用在表示独一无二或被认为是唯一东西的名词前Eg:Someoftheso-called“seas”extendtotheothersideofthemoonunseenfromtheearth.（新编大学英语语法教程）theBoyScouts（朗文英语语法L.G·亚历山大）theUnitedNations(朗文英语语法L.G·亚历山大）Compare:零冠词CongressPaliament2、用在表示特指的人或事物前Eg:ThelifeofNapoleonwasverystormy.(朗文英语语法L.G·亚历山大）ThisisthehousewhereLuxunoncelived.（百度定冠词百科词条）ThemanwithaflowerinhishandisJack.(百度文库教师课件）３.用在第二次提到的人或物的名词前Eg:SingletonisaquietvillagenearChichester.Thevillagehasapopulationofafewhundredpeople.(朗文英语语法)It‘sherroom.Theroomisbrightandclean.（牛津英汉双解词典）Look!Acarhasstoppedthere!Thecarisverybeautiful!(英汉大词典陆谷孙等）４.用在形容词，副词最高级或序数词Eg:MountQomolangmaisthehighestpeakintheworld.(英汉大词典陆谷孙等）ThisisthemostinterestingbookIhaveeverreadonthissubject.(英汉大词典陆谷孙）5、定冠词与单数名词搭配，往往可起类指的作用，常用于正式语体E.g:Thehorseisausefulanimal.Galileoclaimedthathehadinventedthetelescope.(新编英语语法教程章振邦）Thecomputerhasrevolutionizedofficework.(朗文当代英语词典）6、定冠词与某些形容词或分词连用，表示类别或抽象概念，也是一种类指用法Eg:Youareaskingmetodotheimpossible.(朗文当代英语词典）Weshouldtryourbesttohealthewoundedandresucethedying.(牛津英汉双解词典）Theaccusedwasbroughtintothecourt.(朗文当代英语词典）在专有名称前带有表示职业的词语Eg:thepoetGray(新编英语语法教程）thejudgeHarris(英汉大词典陆谷孙）thepublisherCollins(新编英语语法教程）Compare:“职业+人名”被视为永久性的结合——零冠词Eg:NurseCavellGuardRichardson7、冠词与专有名词地名前要带定冠词theNetherlandstheCrimeatheSaar(新编英语语法教程）海洋、江河、海峡、海湾名称通常带定冠词theAlantic(新编英语语法教程）theEastChinaSea（英汉大词典陆谷孙等）theEnglishChannel(英汉大词典陆谷孙等）Compare:SanFranciscoBay不带定冠词专有名词前带有限制性修饰语，通常带定冠词Eg:theelderPitttheyoungShakespearethenewChina(新编英语语法教程）Compare:“修饰语+专有名词”结构已成为一个新的专有名词——不带冠词Eg:RomanBritainTinyTimMedievalEngland(新编英语语法教程）湖泊名称一般不带冠词，但有少数例外Eg:theWestLaketheGreatSaltLake（新编英语语法教程）Compare:Eg:LakeMichiganLakeGenevaSliverLake(新编英语语法教程）山脉、群岛、沙漠及其他以复数形式出现的地理名称一般带定冠词theTianShanthePhilippineIslandstheSahara(英汉大词典陆谷孙）Compare:个别的山、个别的岛的名称不带冠词Eg:MountFujiMountQomolangmaIreland(新编英语语法教程)组织、机构、公共建筑物、车船等名称，大多数带定冠词Eg:theNationalPeople’sCongress(英汉大词典陆谷孙等）theUnitedNations(英汉大词典陆谷孙等）theBritishMuseum(新编英语语法教程）Compare:如果以专有名词开首——不带冠词Eg:CambridgeUniversityWestminsterAbbeyManchesterGrammerSchool(新编英语语法教程）许多报纸、杂志名称带定冠词TheTimesThePeople’sDailyTheNewYorkTimes(新编英语语法教程）Compare:不带冠词的情况ChinaDailyTodayTime（新编英语语法教程）在乐器名称之前用定冠词Eg:theviolinthepianotheaccordion(牛津英汉双解词典）在度量衡名称之前常用定冠词Eg:Theyarepaidbytheweek.Sheboughtorangesatonedollarthepound.Theyselleggsbythedozen.Compare:在许多情况下，既可用定冠词，也可用不定冠词Eg:Thereare16ouncesinapound.Itsellsattwodollarsapound.Mywatchgains12secondsaday.8、在某些与动词同型的名词之前用定冠词可表示一种相关的运动状态Eg:Thenumberofstudentsinthisschoolhasbeenconstantlyontheincrease.(新编英语语法教程）Don’tjumpoffthetrainwhenitisonthemove.（新编英语语法教程）Wehavebeenonthegoallday.（新编英语语法教程）9、在某些单数名词之前用定冠词可表示与各该名词相关的抽象意义Eg:Themusicispleasanttotheear.Thelandscapewasreallyeasyontheeye.Thereisstillmuchoftheschoolboy.10、在某些介词词组中表示人体部位的名词之前用定冠词可表示击中、捉住某人某部位等意义Eg:Theballhappenedtohithimintheface.Sheseizedhimbythecollar.Somebodypattedmeontheshoulder.1、用在单数名词前，表示一类人或物Eg:Anoxisausefulanimal.(新编英语语法教程）MybrotherWilliamisplanningtobealawyer.(新编英语语法教程）Atrianglehasthreeangles.（牛津英汉双解词典）不定冠词的用法1、在职位、职称、官阶、职业等名称之前通常用零冠词Eg:Who’scaptainoftheship?(新编英语语法教程）Theyelectedhimgeneralmanagerofthecompany.（新编英语语法教程）HewasawardedthetitleofModelWorker.（新编英语语法教程）零冠词的用法2、在球类、棋类等文体活动名称之前通常用零冠词Eg:Howaboutagameofchess?Iliketoplayfootball,butmywifepreferstennis.Theyhavebeenplayingbridgeforalongtime.3、在季节名称之前，如果表示某某季节的性质，通常用零冠词Eg:IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?Autumnbringswiththeharvesttime.Theweatherinthatareacanbeover40℃inthehottestdaysofsummer.4、在night,day,morning等名词之前，如果表示这些时间的特征，通常也用零冠词Eg:Nightcame;millionsofbatswereflyinginthesky.(新编英语语法教程）InNewZealand,daybreaksfivehoursearlierthaninShanghai.（新编英语语法教程）Hecameatmidday.（牛津英汉双解词典）5、在by-词组中交通工具名称之前通常用零冠词Eg:byair/sea/bus（牛津英汉双解词典）6、在疾病名称之前（包括-s结尾的疾病名称），通常用零冠词Theoldmandiedoftuberculosis.Smokingcancausecancerinthelungs.Sheissufferingfromappendicitis.7、在餐食名称之前通常用零冠词Eg:havebreakfast（牛津英汉双解词典）havelunch(牛津英汉双解词典）Dinnerwasalreadywaitingforher.（新编英语语法教程）Compare:但若特指某一次的餐食则用定冠词或不定冠词Eg:IamtogiveadinnerfortheguestsfromTaiwan.（新编英语语法教程）Howdidyouenjoythedinnerlastnight?（新编英语语法教程）但若餐食名称带前置修饰语通常用不定冠词Eg:abigbreakfast(牛津英汉双解词典）Shefeltrathersleepyaftersuchagooddinner.（新编英语语法教程）Ihadalatesupperlastnight.（新编英语语法教程）8、湖泊名称一般不带冠词Eg:LakeMichigan（新编英语语法教程）LakeGeneva（新编英语语法教程）SliverLake(新编英语语法教程）Compare:但有少数例外Eg:theWestLaketheGreatSaltLake（新编英语语法教程）9、在由两个名词构成的并列对称结构中，名词之前一般都带零冠词Eg:Hecouldhardlykeepbodyandsoultogether.(新编英语语法教程）Theyhavelivedashusbandandwifeforyear.（新编英语语法教程）HestoodfirmandunflinchingforKingandCountry.（新编英语语法教程）特殊用法：1、在bed,church,college,court,hospital,market,office,prison,sea,school,table等名词之前，如果带定冠词或不定冠词则表示各该名词所表示的处所；若带零冠词，则表示各该处所的功能Eg:Beforethewarthereusedtobeaschoolinthevillage.Theboyisoldenoughforschool.(已到入学年龄）Itisacityonthesea.(=attheseaside)Hewantedverymuchtogotosea.(=beasailor)2、在某些介词词组中，作为介词补足成分的名词词组可以带定冠词，也可带零冠词：带定冠词通常表示名词的本义；若带零冠词则表示比喻或转义Eg:Notesareprintedatthebottomofthepage.Heisagoodmanatbottom.(他实际上是个好人）Whoknowswhatwillhappeninthefuture?Pleasebepunctualinfuture.(=fromnowon)1、Thereis_____oldbike．_____oldbikeisMr.Zhao‘s．A．an；TheB．