高中宾语从句讲解

名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。I.宾语从句引导宾语从句词有:(1)大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后：1.Hedoesn’tknowwherethepostofficeis.2.Iguess（that）heIivesinBeijing.3.Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary做动词的宾语(2)有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语：HetoldmewhatIshouldread．Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet?(3)如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语it而将从句放到补足语后面；Ithoughtitstrangethathefailedtocallme．(1)一般情况下，宾语从句直接跟在谓语后;Didshesayanythingabouthowweshoulddothework?做介词的宾语连词that(引导宾语从句，无意义，不做主宾成分，可省略)if，whether；（引导宾语从句，不做主宾成分，翻译为“是否”）1)Ithink(that)womencanreachveryhighachievementsinmanyfieldsofscience.2)Iwonderwhether/ifsherememberedhowmanybabiesshehaddelivered.TheObjectClause连接代词who（谁，主宾），whom（谁，宾what（什么，……的事情，东西，主宾Which（哪一个主宾）3)Doyouknowwho/whomJackwasspeakingto?5)Payattentiontowhatthedoctorsaid.连接副词从句不缺主宾不起主要作用只做状语when（何时什么时候），where（在哪里，何处，……的地方）how（如何，怎样）why（为何）6)Pleasetellmewhentheearthquaketookplace.7)WillyoutellmehowIcankeepfitandhealthy?连词+宾语从句连词+todoIdon’tknowwhatIshalldonext.Idon’tknowwhattodonext.Shedidn’tdecidewhichoneshewouldchoose.Shedidn’tdecidewhichonetochoose.Pleasetellmewhomyou’llgivetheletterto.Pleasetellmewhomtogivetheletterto.•Ihearanewrestaurantwillbeopenedinthecitynextmonth.•Couldyoutellmewheretheyarehavingapicnic•Idon’tknowifyouwanttotakepartinthecompetition.结论4：主句是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态。2.宾语从句的时态根据具体情况而定•Iheardanewrestaurantwouldbeopenedinthecitynextmonth.•Ididn’tknowyouwantedtotakepartinthecompetition.•Shetoldusshehadborrowedthebookfromthelibrary.结论5：主句是一般过去时，宾语从句要。用与其相应的过去的某种时态结论6：当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理时用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthattheearthtravelsaroundthesun.3、语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分1.Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.2.Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.3.Whoarewegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewhowearegoingtomeet?Canyoutellmewhoarewegoingtomeet?1.Theyoungmanasked_____it'ssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedon'tknow______theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus____Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow______wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.whichB.whereC.whetherD.thatDABC5.Iwonder_______heiscryingnow.A.thatB.whyC.howD.when6.Haveyoufoundout______wecandoonHainanIsland?A.whatB.howC.ifD.whether7.Lilysaid_______shehadfinishedhercomposition.A.ifB.thatC.whenD.where8.Idon’tknow______hestillliveshere.A.whereB.whatC.whenD.whetherBABD1.Couldyoushowme________?A.howcanIgettothestationB.whereisthestationC.howIcouldgettothestationD.howIcanreachthestation2.Pleasetellme_______.A.whatdoeshelikeB.whathedoeslikeC.whathelikesD.whathelike3.Mysistertoldhim________.A.whatdaywasitB.whenthetrainarrivedC.whowasshewaitingD.wheredidyouliveCBD4.Couldyoutellmewherewe_______nextweek.A.wouldgoB.togoC.hadtogoD.willgo5.Couldyoutellmehowmuch________toflytoHainan?A.doitcostB.doesitcostC.itcostD.itcosts6.Thesmallchildrendon'tknow______.A.whatistheirstockingsinB.whatisintheirstockingsC.whereistheirstockingsinD.whatintheirstockingsDBD7.Someoneisringingthedoorbell.Goandsee_______.A.whoisheB.whoheisC.whoisitD.whoitis8.Couldyoutellmehowlong__________?A.youhaveboughtthewatchB.youhavekeptthissciencebookC.haveyoubeenawayfromChinaD.haveyoubeenamemberofGreenerChina9.Hesaysthatifit_______tomorrow,he_______fishing.A.willrain,won'tgoB.rained,wasn'tgoC.rains,won'tgoD.rain,willgoBCD在从句中作表语的从句称作表语从句。1.that引导的表语从句II.表语从句that仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。Thechanceisthatonesmokerinfourwilldiefromsmoking.2.whether引导的表语从句连接词whether起连接作用，意为“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if不能引导表语从句)在句中也不作任何成分。Thequestioniswhetherwhatmanwillturnupintime.3.what,which,who,whom,whose引导的表语从句连接代词what,which,who,whom,whose除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。Tomisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.Thequestioniswhichofusshouldcomefirst.4.where,when,why,how引导的表语从句连接副词where,when,why,how除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。That’swhereIcan’tagreewithyou.ThisiswhySarawaslateforthemeeting.5.其他连词asif,because,as,asthough引导的表语从句because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/Itisbecause…”结构中。asif/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。Itsoundsasif/thoughsomebodywasknockingatthedoor.Myangerisbecauseyouhaven’twrittentomeforalongtime.FinishtheUsingStructuresonpage57.Homework