1.Whatdoyouthinkgreenhousegasesdo?本句中think后接了一个由what引导的宾语从句。但应注意的是:特殊宾语从句即当一般疑问句主句的谓语动词是think,believe,suppose,consider,imagine,guess和suggest等时,表疑问的词要放在主句前即句首。例如:[正]Whodoyouthinkwillwininthegame?[误]Doyouthinkwhowillwininthegame?当然一般情况下宾语从句的疑问词应放在主句之后,例如:[误]Whydoyouknowwecan'tcutdownthebigtree?[正]Doyouknowwhywecan'tcutdownthebigtree?2…itisarapidincreasecomparedtomostnaturalchanges.1).vt.比较;对照。compare…with…表示“把……与……相比(同类相比)”如:Compareyouranswerswiththoseatthebackofthebooktoseeiftheyareright.把你的答案同书后面的答案对照一下,看看是否正确。Myhandwritingcannotbecomparedwithmyfather’s.我的书法不能与我父亲的相比。2).vt.喻为;比拟。compare…to…表示“把……比做……(异类相比,比喻)”如:Man’slifeisoftencompareddoacandle.人生常被比为蜡烛。Shakespearecomparedtheworldtoastage.知识拓展comparedto/with与……相比,只能作状语Comparedto/withmanywomen,shewasindeedveryfortunate.莎士比亚把人世比做舞台。3.Howhasthiscomeaboutanddoesitmatter?comeabout:发生,造成相当于happenWhenMotherwokeup,shedidn’tknowwhathadcomeabout.I’llneverunderstandhowitcameaboutthatyouwerelatethreetimesaweek.你知道那次空难是怎么发生的吗?随着电的使用,种种大变化发生了。Withtheuseofelectricity,greatchangeshavecomeabout.Doyouknowhowtheairaccidentcameabout?4.Thereisnodoubtthat….一、作不可数名词,作疑惑;怀疑”①肯定句中doubt多接whether(一般不用if代替)同位语从句。如:There'ssomedoubt________he'llkeephispromise.他会不会信守诺言还难说。Shehadherdoubts________thenewbookwouldsellwell.她怀疑新书是否会畅销。whetherwhether②否定句中doubt多接that同位语从句。如:Thereisnodoubt____theywillaskyouforhelp.毫无疑问,他们会请你帮忙的。Ihavenodoubt____youwillsucceed.我毫不怀疑你会成功的。thatthat二、作及物动词常用于下列句型中,作怀疑;不能肯定;不大相信解,一般不用进行时态。①用于否定句或疑问句,后接that引导的宾语从句。如:Idon'tdoubt____heistellingthetruth.我毫不怀疑他在讲真话。Doyoudoubt____hewillwinthematch?你怀疑他会赢这场比赛吗?thatthat②用于肯定句,一般接whether或if引导的宾语从句.如:Idoubt__________wewillmakeaprofitoutofit.我认为我们不可能从此事中获利。Wedoubt__________shewillbepersuaded.我们不知道她会不会被说服。whether/ifwhether/if5.subscribeto同意;赞成;订购常用于疑问句和否定句1)I’veneversubscribedtothetheorythatpeoplearemoreimportantthananimals.我从来没有同意过人比动物更重要的理论。2)Idon’tsubscribetotheideathatmoneybringshappiness.我不同意金钱能带来快乐的观点。6…itishumanactivitythathascausedthisglobalwarmingratherthanarandombutnaturalphenomenon.…全球转暖是人为的,而不是随意的自然现象。Itis…that…是强调句式,被强调部分是humanactivity,强调全球转暖的原因是认为的。rather在这里的意思是“在更大的车高度上”,与than连用,可以译为“不是…,而是…”。类似的用法有:Theparentsshouldbepunishedratherthantheboy.改受到惩罚的是那男孩的父母而不应当是男孩。7.Somebyproductsofthisprocessarecalled“greenhouse”gases,themostimportantonebeingcarbondioxide.themostimportantonebeingcarbondioxide是一个独立主格结构,由名词+分词构成,在句中做补充说明或伴随的状况。________________(时间允许的话),Iwillshowyouaroundthecity.__________________(今天是星期天),Idon’thavetogotowork.___________________________(没有人要说的话),themeetingwasclosed.TimepermittingTodaybeingSundayNobodyhavinganymoretosay这是一个含蓄虚拟条件句有时假设的情况并不以条件从句形式表示出来,而是通过一个介词短语或其他方式表示。常用的词或短语有:without,butfor,butthat,otherwise,or,but等。Withoutyourhelp(=Ifwehadnothadyourhelp),wecouldnothavesucceeded.要是没有你的帮助,我们是不会成功的。8.Withoutthe‘greenhouseeffect’,theearthwouldbeaboutthirty-threedegreesCelsiuscoolerthanitis.Butforelectricity(=Iftherewerenoelectricity),therewouldbenomodemindustry.要是没有电,就不会有现代工业。Hewashavingameetingwithhisstudents;otherwisehewouldhavecome.他当时正与他的学生进行讨论,否则的话他就来帮我们了。Hefeltverytiredyesterday,orhewouldhaveattendedtheparty.他昨天很累,不然他就参加那个聚会了。quantity量quantityof大量的eg:就食物而言,他讲究量不讲究质。Heprefersquantitytoqualitywhenfoodisconcerned.quantity也可以用作可数名词,表示“数量”Policefoundalargequantityofillegaldrugs.警方发现了大量违禁药品。9.Itmeansthatmoreheatenergytendstobetrappedinthestmospherecausingtheglobaltemperaturetogoup.它意味着更多的热能将被困在大气层中,从而引起全球气温上升。动词tend后面跟不定式,表示“有…的倾向,有…的习惯”,或译为”倾向于,趋于”。如:Ittendstosnowheavilyhereinwinter.这里的冬天往往雪下的很大。trap诱捕;使陷入困境;留住。如:Sandandleavestrappedthewaterinthestream.沙石和树叶淤住了溪流。Theyfinallytrappedthemouseinacage.最后,他们用罩子把老鼠逮住了。10.goup上升;增长。如:Thetemperatureinthisareahasgoneup2degreesthanthatatthesametimelastyear.这个地区的气温比去年通义时期上升了两度。11.resultinresultin结果;致使;导致主语:in的宾语:起因结果Actingbeforethinkingalwaysresults___failure.做事不先考虑总会导致失败。Theaccidentresulted___thedeathoftwopeople.这场意外事故造成两人死亡。ininresultfrom起于,由于,由…引起,主语:from的宾语:Hissicknessresulted_____eatingtoomuch.起因结果from12.statev.陈述,声明;n.状况,情况;国家;+n.state+that从句+wh-从句;可用于被动结构,也可用过去分词作定语。+n.state+that从句+wh-从句;1.他已公开声明他会支持那项政策。Hehaspublicly_______________forthepolicy.statedhissupport2.我听见那位官员说不接纳儿童。Iheardtheofficialstatethattheywouldnotacceptchildren.3.合同清楚地叙述了那项工作应在何时完成。Thecontractstatedwhentheworkshouldbefinished.eg:她今天心情不好。eg:国家首脑n.状况,情况;国家Sheisinaterriblestatetoday.theheadofstate13.rangev.排列,使成行;偏袒,站在…的方面。n.范围(尤指从…到…各种种类,可供选择的范围等,可加不定冠词);排列beyondtherangeof…超越……的范围outofone’srange某人达不到的这家商店商品品种多。Theshopkeeps____________________.awiderangeofgoods14.Greenhousegasescontinuetobuildupintheatmosphere.温室气体继续在大气层中聚集。buildup逐步建立,增加,增进buildupone’sfortunebuildupone’sstrengthbuildupthebusinessThisbuiltupmyhopeaftertheinterview.Sediment(沉淀物)buildsupontheoceanfloor.collect累积,收集养精蓄锐累积财富扩大,发展增加,支持,树立15.Evenifwestartreducingtheamountofcarbondioxideandothergreenhousegases,theclimateisgoingtokeeponwarmingfordecadesorcenturies.即使我们开始减少二氧化碳和其他温室气体的含量,在(未来)几十年或几个世纪内,气候仍会持续转暖。evenif(也作eventhough)即使;尽管。引导状语从句。如:Jodyhadallthesefeelingsevenifshehadnowaytoexpressherself.即使乔迪没有办法表达自己,她还是感受到了这一切。Believeus.Wewi