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短文改错专题如何突破高分瓶颈专题分类突破短文改错的错误类型虽然多种多样，但是归纳起来主要有以下十个方面：1.冠词的多用、少用和误用2.名词单复数的误用及近义词的混用3.代词指代不一致的错误或代词使用不当4.主谓不一致的错误5.动词的时态和语态的误用6.非谓语动词的误用7.形容词和副词的混用及其比较等级的误用8关联词和平行结构的误用9.固定搭配，习惯用法与介词的误用10.冗词的多用1.通读全文，掌握大意.2.逐句推敲，审查，改正错误.3.复读全文，修订答案.六原则：1.在有错行改动一词。2.改变实词形式，不能将一个实词换成另一个实词.3.最小限度地改变单词形式.4.添加或删除虚词(如冠词，介词等)5.多改正，少添加或删除.6.最大限度地保持句子和短文原意.四不改：1.单词拼写不改.2.大小写不改.3.词序不改.4.标点符号不改.A:冠词的多用、少用和误用1.AnAmericanandaFrenchmandecidedtocrosstheseabetweenFranceandEnglandintheballoonin1784.：第二个the----a冠词的误用。文中balloon是第一次提到，应用不定冠词a.解析：2.IgainedsomuchconfidencethatIwentbacktoschoolasnewperson.3.Withcomingofspring,grassandtreesturngreen.as后加a冠词的漏用，单数名词前如果没有其他限定词出现，一般要用不定冠词。with后加the冠词的漏用.coming用作名词，需加定冠词the,如themakingofpaper.解析：解析：4.WhenachildisfiveinEnglandorWales,hisparentsmustsendhimtotheschool.5Afterahourorsowebegantofeelveryfrightened.解析：去掉the冠词的多用。当表达“上学”或“求学”时，school前面一般不用冠词。解析:a---an冠词的误用，以元音音素开头的词前应用an.B.名词单复数的误用及近义词的混用1.Hehadnoideasthatthekitchenwasnotforguests.2.YourknowledgesofGreececanhelpthewholeclass.解析:ideas–ideahavenoidea为固定词组，只能用单数。解析:knowledges-----knowledgeknowledge为不可数名词.3OnthewayupIwasbusytakingpicturesincethescenerywassobeautiful.。解析：picture-----picturespicture为可数名词，其前或有限定词或用复数形式4Theyhaveallsortsofcourse.5Theydidnotwantmetodoanyworkatfamily.解析:course-----courses此处的course为“课程”，用作可数名词。解析：family-----homefamily指家庭成员，home表抽象意义的“家”，athome“在家”，是固定词组。C:代词指代不一致的错误或代词使用不当1Ijustsmiledtomeandthought,“WhatcanIdo?”me------myselfsmiletooneself意为自己暗暗地笑，是固定用法，这是代词使用不当。解析：2.Finally,thementhrewawaymostofhisclothestosavethemselves.解析：his-----their代词指代不一致。根据前面的themen和themselves,应该用their.3.Ireadyoure-mailtomyparentsandshowedthemthephotoyousentittome.解析:去掉it.“yousenttome”是定语从句,关系代词为that和which作宾语可省.4.Ihopethatbothyoutwocouldcomeandvisitussometimesoon.解析:去掉both不定代词误用.both与后面的two意思重复.D:主谓不一致的错误1Butthenthereisalwaysmoremysteriestolookinto.解析:is-----are后面的mysteries为复数形式.2Nowmypictureandtheprizeishanginginthelibrary.3Billwasstandingatthesideofthecar,talkingtotwomenwhowashelpinghimtorepairit.解析:is---are主语是mypictureandtheprize.故谓语动词应为复数.解析:第二个was-----were先行词twomen是复数,因此定语从句的谓语动词也为复数.E:动词的时态和语态的误用1.Wehadguestslastnightwhohavenotstayedinahotelbefore.解析:have---had时态的误用,主句动词为过去时态,因此从句的动词为过去完成时.2Withthecomingofspring,grassandtreeturngreen,andflowersgrewinmanycolors.3Whenoursixchildrenwereyoung,suppertimeisalwaysbeinginterrupted.解析:grew----grow时态的误用.与turn是并列的谓语.解析:is----was根据上下文,时态应为过去时.4Growingupisnoteasy.Sometimesallthatisneedissomeonetorelyon.5ThebikeoutsidemyhouseisbelongedtoTom..解析:need--------needed语态的误用,此处应为被动语态.解析:去掉isbelongto无被动形式F.非谓语动词的误用1Theairkeepstheballoonupwasescapingquicklyandtheballoonwascomingdown.解析:keeps-----keeping句中keepingtheballoonup作定语,修饰theair,主谓关系.2Ijustwanttothankyouforhelpingmebecomingadifferentperson.解析:becoming-----becomehelp后接不代to的不定式.3Howaboutjoinus?解析join—joiningHowabout或Whatabout后面应接动名词。4Theywantedonechildoranothertocomeoutandplayed.解析played–playplay和前面的comeout为并列的动词.G:形容词和副词的混用及其比较等级的误用1Theycamebacklatelyandhadsometea.解析:lately—latelately和late均为副词，但意思不同。Lately意为“近来”，“最近”，相当于recently,而late意为“晚”，“迟”。根据文意，此处应用late.2.Thetwomenthrewalltheirequipmentintothewatertomaketheballoonlight.解析:light–lighter比较等级的误用。根据文意，两个人把所有的装备都扔进水里是为了让气球比原来更轻，故用比较级。3Thenewpersononthejobfeelsfairlybetterafterheorshehasplayedtenniswithotherpeopleintheoffice.解析:fairly----rather比较级可用rather修饰，不用fairly.H:关联词和平行结构的误用(1)Icameintothelivingroomandsawoneofthemjustgothroughthekitchendoorbutturnonthelight.but----and根据句意,从处无转折意义.解析:2Heandsheshouldmaketheclassveryactivebyjokingwiththestudents.解析:and---or句中he和she是泛指某位老师,是选择关系,不是并列关系.330percentofgirlswouldliketobecometeacherswhenonly5percentofboyswanttodothisjob.解析:when------while句中表达的是男生和女生愿意当老师的人数的对比，因此用while.I:固定搭配，习惯用法与介词的误用(1)Becausethehelpyougavemethatsummer,mylifechanged.解析:Because后加of连词与介词的混用，help为名词，前面需用介词.(2)Whenayoungmanstartstoearnhisownliving,hecannolongerexpectotherstopayhisfood.解析:pay后加forpayforsth.为固定结构。J.冗词的多用1.Lastsummer,IwenttoBeijing,myfirsttimetriptothecity.解析:去掉timetime一词多余，first即可表达“第一次”(2)Twoyearslater,hereturnedbackhome.解析:去掉backreturn即可表达“归来”之意.(3)Itisabout200milesfarawayfromLondon.解析:去掉far如果前面有数词，一般不用far.(4)Manystudentsfeelitthatapopularteachermustbekindandeasy-going.解析:去掉it动词feel的宾语是that引导的宾语从句，而it不是形式宾语(如果是形式宾语,其后应接形容词).