2015届高考英语---倒装句的基本考点

12015届高考英语---倒装句的基本考点倒装(Inversion)是一种语法手段,用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。英语的最基本结构是主、谓结构,倒装就是将这种比较固定的结构加以颠倒。倒装有两种:将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装(CompleteInversion)。如:Incameamanwithawhitebeard.只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装(PartialInversion)。如:OnlyoncewasJohnlatetoclass.部分倒装是把be动词、情态动词、助动词放到主语之前。如果句子中没有这些词,要在主语之前加助动词do/does/did等,而把原来的谓语动词变成原形放在主语之后。英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。1．句首状语以否定词或半否定词开头的句子主谓要半倒装。这类词或短语主要有never,neither,nor,little,seldom,rarely,hardly,scarcely,nosooner,notonly,innoway,atnotime,few,not,no等,如:NotaworddidIsaytohim.NeverhaveIfoundhimsohappy.LittledoeshecareaboutwhatIsaid.Nosoonerhadhegonetobedthanhefellasleep例1Maryneverdoesanyreadingintheevening,____.A.sodoesJohnB.JohndoestooC.Johndoesn’ttooD.nordoesJohn例2——Youforgotyourpursewhenyouwentout.——Goodheavens,____.A.sodidIB.soIdidC.IdidsoD.Isodid2．as引导让步状语从句时，常将表语或状语置于句首。as引导让步状语从句的用法：引导让步状语从句时，as意为“虽然，尽管”，通常从句要倒装，倒装的方法是将从句表语或状语放在as之前，而用though引导让步状语从句时句字则不必倒装（口语中也可倒装）。MuchasIrespecthim,Ican’tagreetohisproposal.尽管我很尊敬他，我却不同意他的建议。Proudasheis,heisverykind.Heavilyasitwasrainingoutside,theystartedoutveryearly.例1____,hetalksalotabouthisfavoritesingersafterclass.A.AquietstudentashemaybeB.QuietstudentashemaybeC.BeaquietstudentashemaybeD.Quietashemaybeastudent例2Difficultasthehomeworkwas,itwasfinishedintime.作业尽管难，还是及时完成了。例3Tryashewould,hemightfailagain.尽管他尝试，可能会再一次失败。3．在if非真实条件句中，如果从句中有should,were或助动词had时，可省去if，将这些词提到句首。例1Wereyouinmyposition,youwoulddothesame.如果你处在我的位置，你也会这样做。例2Hadhebeengivenmoretime,hewouldhavedoneitmuchbetter.如果给更多时间，他会做得更好。例3ShouldProfessorSmithcomeheretomorrow,wewoulddiscussthismatterwithhimagain.2如果史密斯教授明天来，我们会再次和他谈这事。4．在“here(there,now,then)+不及物动词+主语”的句型中，谓语动词为be,stand,lie,come,go,fall等的一般现在时或一般过去时，句子为全部倒装。例1Nowcomesyourturn.轮到你了。例2Thenfollowedthreedaysofheavyrain.紧接着了三天大雨。Herecomestheoldlady!Thencamethehourwehadbeenlookingforwardto.Therecomesthebus.注：代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。例3Hereitis.在这儿。There________.Andhere________.A.goesthephone;shecomesB.isthephonegoing;issheC.doesthephonego;doesshecomeD.thephonegoes;comeshe5．notuntil位于句首时。如：Notuntiltheearlyyearsofthe19thcenturydidmanknowwhatheatis.直到19世纪初，人们才知道热是何物。在复合句中，只有主句用倒装，until引导的从句不倒装。如：Notuntilheloseshishealthwillhegiveupdrinking.他直到失去健康才会戒酒。6．在nosooner...than...,hardly/scarcely/barely...when...结构中，前面部分位于句首时，其后的分句要部分倒装（谓语用过去完成时）。如：Hardlyhadthebabyseenthedogwhenshecried.那女婴一看到狗就哭了起来。Nosoonerhadtheinterpreterreturnedhomethanhewastoldtogotoanothercountry.那位翻译刚踏进国门就又受命要去他国。二、修辞倒装1．以表方位的副词out,in,up,down,away，off等开头的句子里，句子要全部倒装。目的是为了生动地描写这些动作。Outrushedtheboys.男孩们冲了出来。Awaywenthishat.他的帽子掉了。注：代词作主语时，主谓语序不变。Inhecomes.他进来了。Out________,withastickinhishand.A.didherushB.rushedheC.herushedD.hedidrush________fromthetopofthebuildingwhenthepolicemanpointedthegunathim.A.JumpeddowntherobberB.JumpedtherobberdownC.DownjumpedtherobberD.Downtherobberjumped2.含有否定含义的词（词组）hardly,scarcely,rarely,never,little,seldom,neither,nor,notuntil,nosooner,innoway,atnotime,bynomeans等位于句首时，句子要部分倒装。例1:NosoonerhadIgothomethanitbegantorain.我刚到家就下起了雨。例2:SeldomdoIgotoworkbybus.我很少乘公共汽车上班。例1Neverbefore____ingreaterneedofmodernpublictransportthanitistoday.A.hasthiscitybeenB.thiscityhasbeenC.wasthiscityD.thiscitywas例2TheyhaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishbutlittle____theyknowaboutGerman.3A.haveB.didC.hadD.do3.并列连接词notonly…butalso,neither…nor等连接句子时，如果notonly,neither在句首句子要用部分倒装。Notonlydoesheteachinschool,buthewritesnovels.他不但在学校教书，而且还写小说。Notonlydidshespeakcorrectly,butalsoshespokefluently.她不但说得正确，而且说得流利。例1____snacksanddrinks,buttheyalsobroughtcardsforentertainmentwhentheyhadapicnicintheforest.A.NotonlytheybroughtB.NotonlydidtheybringC.NotonlybroughttheyD.Notonlytheydidbring例2Neitherdidthenaughtyboygohomenordidhisparentscometosearchforhim.这调皮的男孩既未回家他的父母又没来找他。例3Neitheratthismeetingnoratthepreviousdidtheydiscusstheproposal.在这次和上次会议上4.so/such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so/such和that之间的部分。Sobeautifulwasthegirlthatshewonthechampionshipinthebeautycontest.那女孩那么漂亮，她在选美比赛中获得冠军。Suchaninstructivespeechdidhemakethatallthelistenersweremoved.他发表的演说那么有教育意义，以至于所有的听众都很感动。Sounreasonablewashispricethateverybodystartled.他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。例1____aboutwildplantsthattheydecidedtomakeatriptoMadagascarforfurtherresearch.A.SocuriousthecouplewasB.SocuriouswerethecoupleC.HowcuriousthecouplewereD.Thecouplewassuchcurious例2Soshallowwasthelakethatthereisnofishinit.湖那么浅，以至于里面没有鱼。5.副词only置于句首，强调方式状语、条件状语、地点状语、时间状语等状语时，主句要进行部分倒装。Onlyinabigcitywasitpossibletobuyanewwheelchair.只有在大城市里才能买到新轮椅。Onlywhenwehadstudiedthedataagaindidwerealizethattherewasamistake.只有当我们再次研究了这些数据的时候，我们才意识到出了一个错。Onlybecausethereweresomecancelledbookingsdidhegetsometicketsintheend.一些预订被取消了，他才得以买到了几张票。Onlyinthiswaycanyousolvethisproblem.只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。Onlyafterhehadspokenouttheworddidherealizehehadmadeabigmistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。注意：如果放于句首的only所修饰的不是状语时，该句不用倒装。例如：OnlyJohncansaveme.只有约翰能够救我。Onlysomeofthechildrenpassedtheexamination.只有几个孩子通过了考试。例1Onlyaftermyfriendcame,____.A.didthecomputerrepairB.herepairedthecomputer4C.wasthecomputerrepairedD.thecomputer