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通常使用现在完成时的几种情况：1表示发生在过去对现在仍有影响的动作。Ihavereadthebook.2表示过去发生一次或多次的动作。Weallhaveplayedfootball.3表示过去开始的动作一直延续到现在，只能用于某些带有延续意义的动词，常与for,since,sofar等连用。Hehastaughtheresincetenyearsago.Completethefollowingsentenceswiththepropertense.•1We_____________(study)Englishforaboutfiveyears.•2They______________(live)inthesouthsincetheirdaughterwasborn.•3I___________(read)yourarticlethreetimes.It’swellwritten.havestudiedhavelivedhaveread•4Thestudent_____________(finish)herhomeworkalready.•5Eric_____________(go)backtohishometowntoday.•6Thepolice____________(finish)searchingthearea.hasfinishedhasgonehavefinished现在完成时与一般过去时的区别：•一般过去时表示发生在过去的动作，和现在无关；现在完成时则强调某一发生在过去的动作与现在的关系，如对现在产生的结果或影响等。完成下列句子：I_______(see)thisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了）I____________(see)thisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）He__________(be)intheLeagueforthreeyears.（在团内的状态可延续）He________(join)theLeaguethreeyearsago.（强调加入的动作发生在过去）sawhaveseenhasbeenjoined一般过去时还是现在完成时？•1They_______(move)tothesouthin1990and________(live)theresincethen.•2Eric_______(leave)homelastyearand___________(justcome)back.•3Justin__________(be)awayfromhomeforseveraldays.He__________(disappear)lastFriday.movedhavelivedlefthasjustcomehasbeendisappeared•4They_________(buy)thishousethreeyearsagoandthey__________(live)heresincethen.5Mybrother______(go)toseemygrandpalastweek.He_________(visit)himthreetimesthismonth.boughthavelivedwenthasvisited现在完成时与一般过去时常用的时间状语：•一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。•一般过去时的时间状语：•yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1980,inOctober,justnow,inthepast等，皆为具体的时间状语。•现在完成时的时间状语：•for,since,already,yet,sofar,uptonow,ever,never,recently,lately,just,inthepast…years,等，皆不确定的时间状语。延续性与非延续性动词：•延续性动词常与for,howlong,since等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。一些非延续性动词如come,go,leave,die,join,marry等如用于现在完成时，一般不可以与表示一段时间的时间状语连用，此时应改为意义相近的延续性动词来表达。•Hehasdied.•Hehasbeendiedforoneyear.•Hehasbeendeadforoneyear.注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。判断正误：（）I’vegothisletterforamonth.（）Igotthisletteramonthago.（）Ihaven'treceivedhisletterforalmostamonth.FTT比较since和for：Since用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.注意：并非有for时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。比较：I______(work)hereformorethantwentyyears.（我现在已不在这里工作）I___________(work)hereformanyyears.（现在我仍在这里工作）workedhaveworked用于现在完成时的特殊句型1）Itisthefirst/secondtime....that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：ItisthefirsttimethatI_________(visit)thecity.ThisisthefirsttimethatI____________(hear)himsing.注意：Itwasthethirdtimethattheboy_______(be)late.havevisitedhaveheardhadbeen•2）Thisis+形容词最高级+that…结构，that从句要用现在完成时。例如：ThisisthebestfilmthatI_____ever______(see).haveseen•典型例题（1）---Doyouknowourtownatall?---No,thisisthefirsttimeI___here.A.wasB.havebeenC.cameD.amcoming（2）---Haveyou____beentoourtownbefore?---No,it'sthefirsttimeI___here.A.even,comeB.even,havecomeC.ever,comeD.ever,havecomeBD现在完成时在时间或条件状语从句中的用法：•现在完成时在时间或条件状语从句中可以表示强调。•1.I’llgiveyouthebookassoonasI___________(finish)it.•2.Ifyou___________(see)thefilm,youwilllikethedirector.havefinishedhaveseenReadthediaryentryonPage8andcompleteitusingthecorrectformsoftheverbsinbrackets.•(2)saw(3)hasvisited(4)loves(5)hasn’tvisited(6)hasswum(7)hasnevermet(8)hasdived(9)hasfound(10)hasn’tfound(11)Has,been现在完成进行时(Presentperfectcontinuoustense):Thefirstusage:现在完成进行时表示强调某一动作在过去开始发生，已经持续到现在，并且还将持续；（持续性）•1.IhavebeenlearningEnglishforthreeyears.•2.Heisverytired,becausehehasbeencleaningtheroom.2.或动作刚刚停止，但与现在有关。Heisverytired,becausehehasbeencleaningtheroom.Kelly:Sorry,I’mlate.Haveyoubeenwaitinglong?Mavis:Yes.I’vebeenwaitingforanhour.Pleaseexplainwhythetenseisusedinthesesentences.1.Ihaven’tbeensleepingwellsinceIreturnedhome.2.Sowe’vebeenlookingatotherpossibilitiestoo,suchasmurder.3.Ihavebeenswimminginthepoolforlong,soI’mexhaustednow.•现在完成进行时的构成：have/hasbeen+doing现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别：•比较以下句子：一.现在完成时表示事件或动作刚结束，而现在完成进行时则强调动作一直在做而且仍在继续。1.Ihavereadthebookwrittenbyyou.2.Ihavebeenreadingthebookwrittenbyyouthismonth.•二.现在完成时可以用表示状态的动词(stateverb)或表示动作的动词(actionverb)做谓语，而现在完成进行时则只能用表示动作的动词(actionverb)做谓语。•Ihavehadhisbookfortwomonths.•IhavealreadytakenthephotosofUFOs.•IhavebeentakingphotosofUFOsthesedays.(stateverb)(actionverb)(actionverb)动作动词(actionverb)与状态动词(stateverb)•Anactionmeanssomethinghappeningorchanging.Astatemeanssomethingstayingthesame.Someexamplesofactionverbsaredo,go,andplay.Someexamplesofstateverbsarehave,keep,know,be,stay.完成下列句子：•状态动词只用于完成时态；而动作动词可用于完成时态与完成进行时态。•1I___________(have)thiscameraforfiveyears.•2I________________(take)photosofUFOswiththiscamera.havehadhavetakenhavebeentaking•三.twice等表示次数的词只与完成时连用；而for则可以与完成进行时连用。•1I_________(visit)Egypttwicethismonth.•2I______________(tour)Egyptfortwomonths.havevisitedhavebeentouringHowmanytimes/Howlong•Howmanytimes只与完成时连用；而Howlong则可以与完成进行时连用。•1______________haveyouswuminthelake?•2_____________haveyoubeenswimminginthelake?HowmanytimesHowlong•四.always,never,yet,alreadyandever不能用于完成进行时态中。•1.I_____________(nevervisit)Paris.•2.I_____________(alreadybe)toParis.havenevervisitedhavealreadybeen完成下列句子：•Anactionwhichbeganinthepastandisstillcontinuingorhasonlyjustfinishedcan,withcertainverbs,beexpressedbyeither