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成人英语三级考试重点语法与词汇重点语法1.现在完成进行时Overthepastdecades,seaice____intheArctic(北极)asaresultofglobalwarming.A.haddecreasedB.willdecreaseC.hasbeendecreasingD.isdecresing答案：C过去的数十年间，北极的海洋冰川由于全球变暖而一直递减。2.条件状语从句:“主将来，从一般”Ifit____tomorrow,wewillstayindoorstohaveourtrainingclass.A.rainsB.rainC.willrainD.rained答案：A3.情态动词+现在完成时musthavedoneshouldhavedonecouldhavedonewouldhavedoneExercises:1.He____havecompletedhiswork;otherwise,hewouldn’tbeenjoyinghimselfbytheseaside.A.shouldB.mustC.wouldn’tD.can’t答案：B2.Tom,you’retoolazy!Thework_____havebeenfinishedyesterday.A.wouldB.shouldC.mustD.could答案：B3.Withoutyourhelp,I_____haveachievedsomuch.A.can’tB.shouldn’tC.wouldn’tD.musn’t答案：C4.强调句型：Itis（was）＋被强调的部分＋that(who)…被强调的部分为“物”时用that，为“人”时用whoItwasonMondaynightthatallthishappened.Itismewhoheblamed．Exercise:Itwasin2005____webegantointroducethisnewtechniqueintoourcompany.A.whichB.thenC.whenD.that答案：D5.虚拟语气（1）wish+过去时：表示现在或将来的愿望wish+过去完成时：一个过去没有实现的愿望IwishIwereastallasyou.Ididn’tgototheparty,butIdowishIhadbeenthere.Exercise:----Didyouseeheroffthedaybeforeyesterday?----No,butIwishI_____.A.wereB.didC.hadD.would答案：C(2)wouldrather+过去时，表示“宁愿，宁可”Iwouldratherallofyoucamenextmonthforadinner.Exercise:“ShallIgiveyouachequefor＄10?”AB“I’dratheryougiveme＄10innotes.”CD答案：Cgivegave(3)Itis(high)time(that)+过去时(早)该…了Don’tyouthinkitistimeyougaveupsmoking?Exercise:Itisabouttimethatwegotosupper,forwestillABChaveameetingtoattendthisevening.D答案：Bgowent(4)A.隐含表示说话人主观意见的词，后面用(should)dosuggest,advise,propose,recommend,insist,require,request,demand,desire,order,commandPolitemannersinChinademandthatapersonstandupwhenanyoneentersaroom.B.Itisimportant/necessary/urgentthat…(should)doItisvitalthatenoughmoneybecollectedtogettheprojectstarted.Exercises:1.Mysuggestionyesterdaywasthatameeting____todiscussthematter.A.shouldholdB.mustbeheldC.wouldbeheldD.beheld答案：Dbeheld=shouldbeheld2.Idon’tthinkitadvisablethatTom____tothejobsincehehasnoexperience.A.beassignedB.isassignedC.willbeaddignedD.hasbeenassigned答案：A(5)incase,lest,forfearthat引导的状语从句，should+动词原形Hetookhisraincoatforfearthatitshouldrain.他把雨衣带身上以防下雨。6.倒装结构(1)否定词在句首：bynomeans,innocase,scarcely…BynomeanswillJaneagreetomovetoanewplacefarawayfromherworkplace.(2)Only开头OnlybypracticewillyoubeabletoimproveyourspokenEnglish.(3)nor,neither,so位于句首，句子倒装SolittledidIknowaboutthestockexchangethatthelecturewascompletelybeyondme.7.同位语从句TheinformationwhichshewasinjuredinABtheaccidentwasgivenbyLiz.CD答案：Awhichthat同位语从句常跟在fact,evidence,information,idea,news后面，用that引导从句e.g.Thefactcameupthatspecificspeechsoundsarerecognizedbybabiesasyoungas6mounthsold.8.关系词的选择(1)非限制性定语从句Acontainerweighsmoreafterairisputin,itABCDprovesthatairhasweight.答案：Ditwhich(2)先行词是thetime,themoment,关系词用when(3)先行词是situation,关系词用where(4)whoorwhom?定语从句中，指人的先行词我们用who或者whom做连接词，who用来做从句的主语，whom用来做从句的宾语.Thisisanursewhowearsawhiteskirt.ThisisthepersonwhomIjustsaw.1)Heisthedriver_____Iwanttolookfor.2)Thisisthefriend______Ioftenvisit.3)Ihaveafriend______hasmuchmoney.4)It’sathief_______wascaughtbyus.5)Kateisastudent_______studieswell.6)Thisisthesportsman_____everyonesayswillwinthegoldmedal.whomwhomwhowhowhowho9.反意疑问句(1)在haveto结构中，反意疑问句要用助动词do/does/didWehadtowaitalongtimetogetourpassport,didn’twe?(2)含有否定词hardly,scarcely,never,seldom等，反意疑问句要用肯定。Younevertoldmeyouhaveseenthefilm,didyou?(3)祈使句中，反意疑问句用willyouDon’tforgettowritetome,willyou?Let’s与Letus区别Let’shurryupandtrytogettotherailwaystationintime,shallwe?Pleaseletushavemoretime,willyou?(4)从句中，反意疑问句和从句的谓语一致IheardthatyoureallyhadawonderfultimeatJohn’sbirthdayparty,didn’tyou?Exercises:1.Hiswifehadthefrontdoorpaintedgreenyesterday,____she?A.didB.didn’tC.hadD.hadn’t答案：B2.DearHelen,pleaseforgivehimforhisABrudeness,canyou?CD答案：Dcanyouwillyou10.主谓一致(1)虽然形式以-s结尾，但表示单数意义physics,maths,news,means(2)动名词，不定式，从句做主语时,谓语动词用单数Whenandwherethenewhospitalwillbebuiltremainsamystery.(3)Anumberof…谓语动词用复数Thenumberof…谓语动词用单数Thenumberofmistakesmadebyhimwassurprising.(4)主语+aswellas,alongwith,togetherwith,including,accompaniedby+名词谓语动词与主语保持一致(5)名词前有each,every,manya修饰时，谓语动词用单数Inourcountryeveryboyandeverygirlhastherighttoreceiveeducation.(6)就近原则notonly…butalso,neither…nor,either…or…,谓语与最邻近的主语一致。NeitheryounorIaminterestedinthemovie.Exercises:(1)Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_____tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.hasofferedC.areofferedD.haveoffered(2)ProfessorSmith,alongwithhisassistants,_____ontheprojectdayandnighttomeetthedeadline.A.workB.workingC.isworkingD.areworking答案：A;C11.非谓语动词(1)一些惯用语中的动名词a.can’thelpdoing=can’thelpbutdob.It/Thereisnousedoing做…没有用c.beworthdoing…做…是值得的d.bebusydoing…忙于…e.enjoy/feellikedoing…喜欢/想…d.What/Howaboutdoing…?…如何？e.havedifficulty/trouble/problemindoing…(2)动词不定式跟不定式做宾语的常用动词有:(p81)persuade,intend,pretend,manage,want动词+宾语+不带to的不定式做宾语see,watch,let,have,make,wouldrather,hadbetterhave/letsb.dosth.(3)动词不定式的被动式have/getsth.donemakeoneselfunderstoodExercises:1.Isthereanypossibilityofgettingtheprice_____further?A.reducedB.reduceC.reducingD.bereduced2.TheyaregoingtohavetheservicemenABinstalledanelectricfanintheofficeCDtomorrow.答案：A;C(4)分词（现在分词，过去分词）现在分词表示主动或正