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分词作定语现在分词动名词不定式一般式doingdoingtodo进行式XXtobedoing被动式beingdonebeingdonetobedone完成式havingdonehavingdonetohavedone完成被动式havingbeendonehavingbeendonetohavebeendone否定式notdoingnotdoingnottodo复合结构TomdoingTom’s/hisdoingforsbtodo增加词性语法成分adj.adv.定表补状n.主表宾定n.adj.adv.主表宾定状补分词作定语分词短语作定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后；单个分词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之前。例如：Themanstandingatthewindowisourteacher.Arollingstonegathersnomoss.滚石不生苔；转业不聚财现在分词和过去分词作前置定语的区别1.现在分词表示正在进行的主动动作：therisingsun=thesunthatisrisingasleepingchild熟睡的孩子boilingwater沸水awaitingcrowd2.现在分词表示主动但不在进行：Heisapromisingstudent.有前途的学生remainingdays剩下的岁月anembarrassingposition窘境现在分词和过去分词作前置定语的区别3.过去分词表示被动且有时已完成的含义：therisensun=thesunthathasjustrisenfriedeggs煎蛋requiredcourseboiledwater开（过的）水4.过去分词表示完成且有主动的含义（仅限于某些不及物动词的过去分词作定语）escapedprisoners逃犯returnedstudents归国留学生retiredworkers退休工人departedfriend离去的朋友过去分词用在表示情绪的词语中：Hegaveasatisfiedsmile.他给了个满意的微笑afrightenedglanceaworriedlookanexcitedscreamhisembarrassedexpression但是：relaxed/relaxingenvironment惊恐的扫视他的尴尬的举止放松的环境愁容激动的尖叫声注意：当被修饰的词与分词是被动关系但分词动作正在发生时用beingdone形式表示:区别：Thefilmbeingshowninthecinemaisexciting.Thefilmshowninthecinemawasexciting.Changethefollowingcomplexsentencesintosimpleones.Doyouknowtheyoungmanwhoiswaitingoutsidetheschoolgate?Doyouknowtheyoungmanwaitingoutsidetheschoolgate?Thereseemstobesomethingwrongwiththecatthatislyingatthecornerofthestreet.Thereseemstobesomethingwrongwiththecatlyingatthecornerofthestreet.Canyoushowmeanywordwhichbeginswiththeletter“x”?Canyoushowmeanywordbeginningwiththeletter“x”?Shanghaiisacitywhichischangingrapidly.Shanghaiiscitychangingrapidly.Theteacherstoodamongthechildrenwhowerelaughing.Theteacherstoodamongthelaughingchildren.Themanwhowaswearingablueshirtandbluejeanswascaughtshortlyafterhehadleftthebank.Themanwearingablueshirtandbluejeanswascaughtshortlyafterhehadleftthebank.Lastnightweeventuallygotthemessagewhichconcernedthespecialmeeting.Lastnightweeventuallygotthemessageconcerningthespecialmeeting.Manyofthestudentswhohopetoentertheuniversitywillbedisappointedbecauseonlyone-tenthofthosewhoapplyforadmissionwillbeaccepted.Manyofthestudentshopingtoentertheuniversitywillbedisappointedbecauseonlyonetenthofthoseapplyingforadmissionwillbeaccepted.Exercises一、分析句子结构1.________manytimes,buthestillcouldn'tunderstandit.2.________manytimes,hestillcouldn'tunderstandit.A.HavingbeentoldB.ToldC.HewastoldD.ThoughhehadbeentoldCA&D3.________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.4.Ifyou________totheleft,you'llfindthepostoffice.5.________totheleft,andyou'llfindthepostoffice.A.TurningB.ToturnC.TurnD.TurnedACC二、分析逻辑主语1.________nobuses,wehavetowalkhome.2.______Sunday，Ishallhaveaquietdayathome.A.TherebeingB.ItwereC.TherewereD.ItbeingAD三、分析语态1.______fromspace,theearthlooksblue.2.______fromspace,wecanseetheearthisblue.A.SeenB.SeeingC.ToseeD.SeeAB3.Thedirtyclothes______,thegirlhungthemupoutside.4.______thedirtyclothes,thegirlhungthemupoutside.A.waswashedB.washedC.werewashedD.havingwashedBD四、分析时态1.Thebuilding______nowwillbearestaurant.2.Thebuilding______nextyearwillbearestaurant.3.Thebuilding______lastyearisarestaurant.A.havingbeenbuiltB.tobebuiltC.beingbuiltD.builtCBD4.Hestoodthere______forhismother.5.______fortwohours,hewentaway.A.waitingB.towaitC.waitedD.Havingwaited6.Whatisthereasonfor______there?A.notyourgoingB.notyourgoC.yournotgoingD.younottogoADC1.______won'tbeofmuchhelp.A.Tom'sgoingB.TomgoingC.TomtogoD.Tomgoes2._____ateacher,Ishouldsetagoodexampletostudents.A.BeingB.HavingbeenC.TobeingD.AsIbeing3._____ateacher,onemustfirstbetheirpupil.A.BeingB.HavingbeenC.TobeD.Tohavebeen4.Theysuggested_____thesportsmeettillnextTuesday.A.ustoputoffB.ourputtingoffC.usofputtingoffD.weputoff5.Asthestonewastooheavytomove,Ileftit_____ontheground.A.layingB.layC.lyingD.lain.6.Tigers_____meat-eatinganimals,_____meat.A.belongedto;fedonB.belongingto;feedonC.werebelongedto;feedonD.belongingto;feedingon分词作状语