搜索
指出下列名词在句中所做的成分。1.Theworldlovesnature.2.Knowledgeispower.3.WeChinesearepeace-loving.subjectobjectpredicativesubjectsubjectappositionpredicative名词性从句名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语{Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.表语Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.{宾语{Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.同位语{Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.什么叫名词性从句？在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。(NounClauses)名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等。因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句nounclause主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句appositiveclause名词性从句中的连接词有:连词:that/whether/asif(though)连接代词:what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever连接副词:where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever1.Theyaregooddoctors.Hetoldus.→2.Hehadn’tsaidanythingatthemeeting.Thefactsurprisedus.→Hetoldusthattheyweregooddoctors.Thefactthathehadn’tsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedus.总结:当从句原来是陈述句时,变成名词性从句用that引导。句型转换3.Doesyoursistergetupearly?Doyouknow?→4.Doanimalshavethesamesensesashumans?Ioftenwonder.→Doyouknowif/whetheryoursistergetsupearly?Ioftenwonderif/whetheranimalshavethesamesensesashumans.总结:当从句原来是一般疑问句时,变成名词性从句用if或whether引导。5.Whendidhebuythisnewbike?Couldyoutellme?→6.Myquestionisthis:wherewillthelecturebegiven?→Couldyoutellmewhenheboughtthisnewbike?Myquestioniswherethelecturewillbegiven.总结:当从句原来是特殊疑问句时,变成名词性从句还用原来的特殊疑问词来引导。Whatweneedismoretime.WhatweneedaremoreEnglishdictionaries.总结:名词性从句必须用陈述句语序。另外,一般情况下,名词性从句均看作单数概念。由what引导的一般看后面的表语。宾语从句的时态一般与主句保持一致。Iknowhim.Iknowwhoheis.主语谓语宾语(简单句)主语谓语宾语从句连词从句主语从句谓语主句(复合句)一、ObjectClauses宾语从句宾语从句的概念：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。句子结构：主句+连词(引导词)+宾语从句1.连词(引导词)1)当宾语从句是陈述句时(包括肯定句和否定句),连词由that引导,因为that在从句中不作任何成分,也没有任何具体意思,因此在口语或非正式文体中常省略。LinTaofeels(that)hisownteamisevenbetter.Shesays(that)shewon’ttakepartinthesportsmeetingnextSunday.Jimthought(that)thetrainwaslikeabigmovingparty.宾语从句中的连接词that在以下三种情况下不能省略：①当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,第二个that不能省；②当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。•用it做形式宾语的宾语从句。Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.IthinkitnecessarythatyoushouldreadEnglishaloud.在主句为动词be加某些形容词（如sorry,sure,afraid,glad等）作表语时，后面所跟的省略that的从句也可算是宾语从句。I’msorry(that)Idon’tknow.We’resure(that)ourteamwillwin.I’mafraid(that)hewon’tpasstheexam.2)当宾语从句是一般疑问句时,由连词whether或if引导(口语中常用if),因为if/whether翻译成:“是否”,具有一定的意义,所以不能省略。Lilywantedtoknowif/whetherhergrandmalikedthehandbag.Let’sseeif/whetherwecanfindoutsomeinformationaboutthatcity.Sheaskedmeif/whethershecouldborrowthesebooks.whether与if的辨用表“是否”时,在下列情况下用whether。a.主语从句b.表语从句c.同位语从句e.介词后的宾语从句f.后接动词不定式(whethertodosth.)g.whetherornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用ifwhether和if都可以引导宾语从句。a.当whether后紧跟ornot时,不用if.e.g.Idon’tknowwhetherornotIwillstay.b.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.e.g.IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.whether和if的使用区别练一练:if/whether1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.2.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.3.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.4.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.5.Idon’tknow_______togo.if/whetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhether3)当宾语从句是特殊疑问句时,由连接代词(what,who,whom,which,whose)或连接副词(when,where,how,why)引导,因为连接代词或连接副词在从句中担任一定的句子成分,具有一定的意义,所以不可以省略。Doyouknowwhathesaidjustnow?Idon’trememberwhenwearrived.IaskedhimwhereIcouldgetsomuchmoney.Pleasetellmewho(whom)wehavetosee.Doyouknowwhattimetheplaneleaves?带how的词组也都可以引导宾语从句CouldyoutellushowmuchitcoststoflytoHainan?Couldyoutellushowoftenyougoabroadforaholiday?Couldyoutellushowlongthemeetingwilllast?Idon’tknowhowfaritistothecinema.Pleasetellushowmanystudentsthereareinyourschool?Pleasetellushowsoonyouwillbeready.Canyoutellushowoldhisbrotheris?2.时态1)如果主句是现在的时态(包括一般现在时，现在进行时,现在完成时)从句的时态可根据实际情况而定(包括一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,现在完成时等)。Iknowheliveshere.Iknowhelivedheretenyearsago.Ihaveheardthathewillcometomorrow.2)如果主句是过去的时态(包括一般过去时,过去进行时),那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态(包括一般过去时，过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。Iknewwholivedhere.Isawshewastalkingwithhermother.Heaskedwhetherhisfatherwouldcomebacktomorrow.Hesaidthathehadseenit.3)当从句是客观真理,定义,公理,定理时用一般现在时。Theteachersaidthatthesuntravelsaroundtheearth.1.Ididn’tknowwhattimehe_______theletter.(write)2.Couldyoutellmewho_________awaythebookalready?(take)3.LingFengtoldmehe_________totheGreatWallseveraltimes.(be)Exercisewrotehastakenhadbeen4.Theradiosaysit_______cloudytomorrow.(be)5.Theheadmasterhopeseverything______well.(go)6.Tomsaysthatthey____________(play).basketballatsixo’clockyesterdayevening.7.Ihearthey______________(return)italready.willbegoeswereplayinghavereturned3.语序宾语从句的语序用陈述语序：连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分•Whenwillhegotothelibrary?Hisbrotheraskswhenhewillgotothelibrary.Hisbrotheraskswhenwillhegotothelibrary.•Whatdoeshewanttobuy?Idon’tknowwhathewantstobuy.Idon’tknowwhatdoeshewanttobuy.1)could/would是委婉语气,而不是过去式,因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。4.注意事项Couldyoupleasetellmewhereweshowourtickets?Couldyoutelluswhichgatewehavetogoto?Wouldyouliketoknowwhenhewillcomeback?2)如果主句的谓语动词是ask时,连词不可能是that;如果主句的谓语动词是say时,连词用that。Shesays(that)shewillleaveamessageonhisdesk.Hesaid(that)hewasgoingtotakecareofthechild.HeasksifIlikeplayingthepiano.Youmayaskthemanovertherehowyoucangettothebusstation.3)否定的转移:若主语谓