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Module3Unit2GrammarandusageHomework-checkingP98A1A21.wonweredefeated2.raisedbeenraised/risen3.process,progress1.mixture2.occupied3.consistsof4.asidefrom5.contributions6.takecontrolof7.replacing8.entire9.resultedin10.mothertongueP99B11.press2.simplified3.drawings4.appearance5.opposite6.directions7.practicalP99B21.differs…from2.overtime3.Asawhole4.turned,into5.isworkingon6.standsfornounclause名词性从句主语从句subjectclause宾语从句objectclause表语从句predicativeclause同位语从句appositiveclause1.Iwanttoknowwhatyourfirstimpressionofmeis.2.Whatyousaidmakesmemoreconfident.objectclause宾语从句subjectclause主语从句3.Myquestioniswhyyoudon’tunderstandit.4.Idon’tknowthefactthatheisasoldier.5.IhavenoideawhetherTomisgaytoday.appositiveclause同位语从句predicativeclause表语从句appositiveclause同位语从句FinishP28A.•O宾语•S主语•P表语•O宾语•P表语ConjunctionsofNounClauses:陈述句一般疑问句特殊疑问句thatwhat，who,whom,whose,which,when,where,how,why等特殊疑问词whether,if（只宾从）1.主从为陈述句，连接词that古英语有一段很长的历史是一定的（certain）.ThatOldEnglishhasalonghistoryiscertain.2.主从为一般疑问句，连接词whether是否他会拒绝这个邀请是个问题。Whetherhewillrefusethisinvitationisaquestion.3.主从为特殊疑问句，结构为原疑问词+陈述句式他说的不是真的。Whathesaidisnottrue.一、主语从句1.宾从为陈述句，连接词为that每个人都知道教授在撒谎。Everybodyknows(that)theprofessorislying.2.宾从为一般疑问句，连接词为whether/if他们想知道是否川普(Trump)是一个诚实的总统（president）。TheywanttoknowwhetherTrumpisanhonestpresident.3.宾从为特殊疑问句，结构为原疑问词+陈述句式警察询问谁离开了这个房间。Thepolicemanaskedwhohadleftthisroom.二、宾语从句1.表从为陈述，连接词为that事实是童年一去不复返了。Thefactisthatthechildhoodwillnevercomeback.2.表从表”是否”，连接词为whether问题是是否他会参加会议。Thequestioniswhetherhewillattendthemeeting.3.表从要提问，结构为疑问词+陈述句式问题是我们什么时候去墨西哥。TheproblemiswhenwewillgotoMexico.三、表语从句1.同从为陈述，连接词为that（不可省）他给出了命令，（内容是）士兵们必须服从规定(obeytherules)Hegavetheorderthatthesoldiersshouldobeytherules.有数以百计的报道，（内容是）现今城市的道路越来越狭窄了。Therearehundredsofreportsthatnowadaystheroadsinthecitiesarenarrower.四、同位语从句2.同从表“是否”，连接词为whether.我们会讨论是否运动会会举办的这个问题。We'lldiscusstheproblemwhetherthesportsmeetingwillbeheld.3.同从表疑问，结构为疑问词+陈述句式我不知道他什么时候回来。Ihavenoidea…Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.NounclausesintroducedbyquestionwordsP29BFillintheblankswithsuitablequestionwords.1.What2.which3.Why4.how5.who6.How7.Which‘Borrowedwords’----goodorbad?1)Whatweshoulddoabouttheincreasingnumberof‘borrowedwords’inourvocabularyissomethingthatdeservescarefulthought.我们该对于母语词汇中数量增长的外来词如何应对是值得好好思考的事情。Whatweshoulddoabouttheincreasingnumberof‘borrowedwords’inourvocabularythatdeservescarefulthought2)InEnglandnowadays,thereisnoonetodecidewhichnewwordsshouldbeacceptedintothelanguage.在今天的英国，没有人去决定哪些新词应该被包含在语言（英语）中。3)Thatiswhywehavethephrase‘theKing’sEnglish’.KingHenryVIIwasapoetwhoshowedgreatconcernforlanguage.这就是为什么我们有“国王英语/标准英语”这个词组。KingHenryVIIwasapoetwhoshowedgreatconcernforlanguage.show(great)concernfor对…表示关切整个社会应该对空气污染表示关切。Thewholesocietyshouldshowconcernfortheairpollution.concernn.关心havea/no~withvt.使担忧,使关切~sbwith/about=sbbeconcernedabout/withExercise1.Theboy’spoorperformanceatschool_________hisparents.2.Ihaveno_______withthataccident.concernedconcern4)HesetastandardforhowpeopleweretospeakEnglish,but…setastandardfor…为…设立标准他为人们要如何说英语设立了一个标准。青少年要为他们自己的行为设一个标准。Theteenagersshouldsetastandardfortheirownbehavior.5)…,buttodaywhocanmakeadecisionlikethatisanyone’sguess.但是今天谁能像那样做一个决定谁也不知道。However,thereisanorganizationtomakedecisionslikethisinFrance.(6)HowFrenchwillbeusedisdecidedbyagovernmentdepartment.makedecisions做出决定He’sreallybadatmakingdecisions.decidevt.区别department;apartment然而在法国，有一个像这样的做决策的机构。法语会如何被使用是被一个政府部门决定的。7)Whichopinionyouagreewithisuptoyou.你同意哪种观点的决定权在你。M3U2GrammarandUsageⅡPreparatorysubjectit形式主语itPreparatorysubjectit形式主语it当句子主语很长（是从句,不定式或动名词时），我们一般用it作形式主语，避免头重脚轻。形式主语it在语法上起主语作用，而句子真正主语则在句尾。Morehandsome!ThatTanhasbecomemorehandsomeiscertain.ItiscertainthatTanhasbecomemorehandsome.preferablecorrectCompareThatXieZhanpengwillwininthesportsmeetingiscertain.ItiscertainthatXieZhanpengwillwininthesportsmeeting.preferablecorrectCompareA.当句子主语是从句时ThatwewouldnotbeabletounderstandOldEnglishtodayiscertain.=ItiscertainthatwewouldnotbeabletounderstandOldEnglishtoday.是否英语会继续变化还不清楚。(keeponchanging)WhetherEnglishwillkeeponchangingisnotclear.=ItisnotclearwhetherEnglishwillkeeponchanging.使用it做形式主语的情况a.Tomasteraforeignlanguageishard.=Itishardtomasteraforeignlanguage.b.TogainaccesstotheInternetisimportantforus.=ItisimportantforustogainaccesstotheInternet.早上早起对我来说是件很难的事。Togetupearlyinthemorningisadifficultthingforme.Itisadifficultthingformetogetupearlyinthemorning.B.当句子主语是不定式时C.当句子主语是动名词时a.Smokingisdifficulttostop.=Itisdifficulttostopsmoking.b.TravellingtoBeijingtakesalotofmytime.=IttakesalotofmytimetravellingtoBeijing.学习英语需要很多的耐心。requirealotofpatienceLearningEnglishrequiresalotofpatience.ItrequiresalotofpatiencelearningEnglish.D.当句子谓语动词是seem,appear,happen,turnout和prove时sb/sth+seem+todosth.=Itseemsthat…(…)Heseemstospeaktwolanguages.=Itseemsthathespeakstwolanguages.Mynewneighborhappenstocomefrommyhometown.=Ithappensthatmynewneighborcomesfrommyhometown.那个人似乎是个商人。Thatmanseemstobeabusinessman.=Itseemsthatthatmanisabusinessman.Itseemsthat…=Sb/sth+seems+todosth.Ithappensthatsb/sth…=Sb/sthhappenstodosth.Itappear