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Module5CloningandDNALearnthefollowingwords:acidadj.酸（性）的；n.酸embryon.胚胎tissuen.组织bacteriumn.(bacteria)细菌enzymen.酶organismn.有机体upbringingn.抚育make-upn.构造transparentadj.透明的twistingadj.扭曲的fundamentaladj.基本的，重要的componentn.成分proceduren.程序unzipv.解开controversialadj.有争议的validadj.有确实根据的optionaladj.可选择exceptionaladj.非凡的，卓越的contradictoryadj.互相矛盾的，相反的，对立的vicen.缺点，弱点virtuen.善行，道德上的优点flexibleadj.易适应的compulsoryadj.强制的，强迫的handyadj.方便的resistv.抵抗sowv.播种rotn.腐败病,腐蚀病pestn.害虫biodiversityn.生物多样性breedn.（动植物）品种suspectn.嫌疑人salivan.口水，唾沫spitv.吐（口水，唾沫coden.法规FirstclonedhorseFirstclonedcat1.Whatiscloning?2.Howcanweclonesomething?Freetalk1.Readthesewordsanddecidewhichonesyouarelikelytoseeinthepassage.acidbacteriaembryosenzymeexperiencegenehumantissueorganismplantpsychologicalstemcellstructureupbringingBeforeReading（possibly）Revisiontechnicalterms基因gene酸性的acid细菌bacteria胚胎embryo酶enzyme组织tissue有机体organism干细胞stemcell基因的，遗传学的genetic生物多样性的biodiversityReadthepassageandfindtheparagraphswhichdescribe:1.whenthestructureofDNAwasdiscovered2.howtoclonesomething3.fourpossiblereasonsforcloning4.thedisadvantagesofcloning5.theresearchintoDNAhashelpedsolvecrime6.CohenandBoyerdiscoveredaprocedureP1P3P4-7P4-7P8FastreadingP2Readthepassagequicklyandmatchthe8paragraphswiththethreetopics•Definitionofcloning•Thehistoryofcloning•ReasonstoclonehumanbeingsPara1Para2Para3Para4Para5Para6Para7Para8P1(DNAandgene)P3(cloning)P8(DNAinhelpingsolvecrime)P4-7(advantagesanddisadvantages)StructureofthepassageP2(procedure)••1.DNA?•2.Enzyme?•3.Aclone？Fast-readingPara1—3DNAAtransparenttwistingladdermadeofthefundamentalcomponentoflifeWhatisDNA？透明的弯曲的阶梯NowreadPara.oneandanswerthequestions.basicGeneispartofDNAthatcontrolshowitdevelopsrelationship1.WhatistherelationshipbetweenDNAandgene?NowreadPara.oneandanswerthequestions.1.WhenwasthestructureofDNAdiscovered?2.Thescienceofgeneticswasdiscoveredby？A.MendalB.watsonandCrickC.CohenandBoyerD.Einstein3.thegeneticmake-upofapersonoraplantIt’scertainlytruethatin1953.，WatsonandCrick，twoScientistsatCambridgeUniversity，England，discoveredthestructureoftheacidDNA。酸性DNA的结构theparticulargenesthatgiveapersontheirphysicalcharacteristicsCareful-reading1.whodiscoveredthestructureofDNA?When?2.WhatdidMendelunderstandin1866？1953WatsonandCrickHeunderstoodthatboththeparentplantshadinfluencedthegeneticmake-upofthenewplant.Para1I’mJ.D.WatsonI’mF.CrickIn19531866Hi!I’mMendel,andafterrecordingtheresults,Ithinkboththeparentplantscaninfluencethegeneticmake-upoftheplant.enzymechemicalsformedinthebodyWhatisanenzyme？NowreadPara.twoandanswerthequestions.IntensivereadingP2PleasedescribetheprocedurewhichCohenandBoyerdiscovered.useenzymestocutoutandtoinsertandcombinetoUnziptheDNAasequenceofgenesthemintothehostcellwithitsDNACareful-readingFindtheexpressions1.解码DNA2.截取一段序列的基因3.把它们插入宿主细胞UnziptheDNACutoutasequenceofgenesInsertthemintothehostcellPara2cut短语CutdownCutoffCutoutCutinCutthrough杀死;砍到;缩减切断;中断;停止删除=leaveout;截取插话刺穿；抄近路走过acloneanorganismwhichisgeneticallyidenticaltoanotheroneDolly5NowreadPara.3andanswerthequestions.Howcanweclonesomething?CloningtakestheDNAfromasinglecelltocreatawholeindividual.和……一样DetailedreadingI.Para.1---Para.3TimeScientistDiscovery186619531973MendelWatsonandCrickCohenandBoyerbothparentplantshaveinfluencedthegeneticmake-upofthenewplantThestructureofacidDNAAproceduretouseenzymestounziptheDNA,tocutoutasequenceofgenesandfinallyinsertthemintothehostcellandcombinewithitsDNAHowmanypossiblereasonsforcloningarementionedinthepassage?Fast-readingFourPara4—7Validreasons(advantages)DisadvantagesAsanoptionaltreatmentforcoupleswhofinditdifficulttohavechildrenAclonewouldbeunderunknownpsychologicalpressureA）itisatreatmentforcoupleswhowantchildrenB）itcouldcreateanexceptionalhumanbeing.C）wecannotpredictthepsychologicaleffectsD）theclonemaynotleadthesamelife2.CloninghumansfromtheirparentshasthedisadvantagethatCareful-reading1.正当的理由2.可供选择的治疗方法3.未知的心理压力validreasonsanoptionaltreatmentunknownpsychologicalpressurePara4under短语UnderpressureUnderconstructionUnderuseUndercontrolUnderconsideration有压力建设中使用中掌控之下考虑之中throughouthischildhood4.贯穿他的童年Validreasons(advantages)DisadvantagesreproducethetalentsofexceptionalpeopleAclonemaypossessnewvicesinsteadofexistingvirtues选择人生道路拥有新的缺点原有的美德chooseapathinlifepossessnewvicesexistingvirtuesinpossessionofinthepossessionof拥有（表主动）被（为）……占有Validreasons(advantages)DisadvantagesToobtainasupplyofstemcellsEmbryosmadefromcloneswouldbewastedwhichsomepeoplewouldfindunacceptable.recoverfromadisease从疾病中康复repairhumantissue修复人体组织whatisastemcell？acellthatcandevelopintoeveryothertypeofcellWhatisclearisthatsomevoluntarycodeofparcticeamongscientistshastobeagreed.Whatisclear为名词性从句，在句中充当主语。is为联系动词，that引导的句子为表语从句。翻译：最让我惊奇的是他居然什么都知道。Whatsurprisedmemostwasthatheshouldknoweverythingaboutit.e.g.Itwasnothetoldme,butthewayhetoldmewasthereasonwhyIgotsoangry.A.what;thatB.that;whatCthat;thatDwhat;whatValidreasons(advantages)DisadvantagesTohelpfarmersgrowresistantcrops.Torelyonafewclonedanimalsorcropswouldrestrictbiodiversity5.bacteriaverysmallorganismsthatcausediseases5.a+序数词