昆虫学常用专业英语词汇

Entomology/Insectology•Generalentomology/Basicentomology，•Appliedentomology/Economicentomology•Entomologytechnology•Palaeoentomology古昆虫学•CulturalentomologyGeneralentomology/Basicentomology•Insectmorphology•Insectbiology•Insecttaxonomy•Insectphysiology•InsectecologyAppliedentomology/Economicentomology1.Agriculturalentomology2.Apiculture3.Sericulture4.Resourcesentomology5.Insecttoxicology6.Plantchemicalprotection7.Insectpathology8.Biologicalcontrolofinsectpests9.Forestentomology10.Storedproductsentomology11.Medicalentomology12.Urbanentomology13.Veterinaryentomology兽医昆虫学14.Forensicentomology法医昆虫学15.EnvironmentalentomologyInsectmorphology•Head—antenna,compoundeyes,ocellus,mouthpart(chewing/bitingmouthpart;piercing-suckingmouthpart),sensoryorgan•Thorax—prothorax,mesothorax,metathoraxforelegs,middlelegs,hindlegs,forewings,hindwings,veins,venation，walking,jumping,digging,grasping,pollen-carrying,swimming,clasping,climbinglegs，membranous,piliferous,lepidotic,fringed,tegmen,hemielytron,elytron,halterwings，•Abdomen—ovipositor,copulatoryorgan,cerci，Appendage附肢InsectbiologyEgg,nymph,larva,larvae,stage/stadium，instar，pupa/pupae,adult,male,female,Hatch,Growth，Moult，Exuvia蜕，Pupating，Emergence/eclosion,mating,duration,oviposition,fecundity,reproduction,•InsectbiologyMetamorphosis：Incompletemetamorphosis;completemetamorphosisLifehistory—annuallifehistory,generationallifehistorylifecycle,generation,life-span,generationoverlapdormancydiapauseoverwinterInsectphysiology•Integument体壁•Digestivesystem•Circulatorysystem•Excretorysystemmalpighian马氏管•Respiratory/trachealsystem呼吸（气管）系统，spiracle气门•Reproductivesystem•Nervoussystemnervecell，centralnervoussystem，electricaltransmission，chemicaltransmission,cholinesterase(胆碱酯酶，Ache)•Hormone昆虫激素•moltinghormoneMH蜕皮激素juvenilehormoneJH保幼激素•Ectohormone昆虫外激素－semiochemical信息化学物质pheromone信息素，allelochemical异种化感物Insectecology•生物因子bioticfactor,bioticcomponent•非生物因子abioticfactor,abioticcomponent•食物链foodchain•食物网foodweb•负二项分布negativebinomialdistribution•营养级trophiclevel•生境habitat•小生境microhabitat•生境选择habitatselection•生态分布ecologicaldistribution•嗜食性foodpreference•生态阈值ecologicalthreshold•生态适应ecologicaladaptation•生态对策ecologicalstrategy•生态演替ecologicalsuccession•昆虫群落insectcommunity•种群结构populationstructure•种群密度populationdensity•种群增长populationgrowth•竞争competition•食物竞争foodcompetition•限制因子limitingfactor•密度制约因子densitydependentfactor•非密度制约因子densityindependentfactor•种群动态populationdynamics•生命表lifetable•年龄特征生命表age-specificlifetable•时间特征生命表time-specificlifetable•factor-specificlifetable•逻辑斯谛增长logisticgrowth•生态型ecotype•死亡率mortality•存活率survivalrate•存活曲线survivalcurve•关键因子分析key-factoranalysis•世代时间generationtime•周限增长率finiterateofincrease•内禀增长力(率)innatecapacityforincrease•世代重叠generationoverlap•均匀分布uniformdistribution•随机分布randomdistribution•泊松分布Poissondistribution•核心分布contagiousdistribution•K选择K-selection•K对策昆虫K-strategist•R选择r-selection•R对策昆虫r-strategist•捕食作用predation•捕食者predator•猎物prey•发育起点温度thresholdtemperature,thermalthreshold,developmentzero•有效积温法则lawofeffectivetemperature•功能反应functionalresponse•寄生parasitism•内寄生endoparasitism•外寄生ectoparasitism•重寄生epiparasitism•宿(寄主)主host•二次寄生secondaryparasitism•社会性昆虫socialinsects•优势种dominantspecies•地方种endemicspecies•本地种indigenousspecies•外来种exoticspecies•关键种keystonespecies•入侵种invasivespecies•濒危种endangeredspecies•稀有种rarespecies•共生symbiosis•过冷却点supercoolingpoint•迁飞migration•迁出emigration•迁入immigration•抗生作用antibiosis•异种化感allelopathy又称“他感作用”。•虫瘿gall,cecidium•有害生物综合治理integratedpestmanagementIPM•经济阈值economicthreshold•生态治理ecologicalmanagement•自然控制naturalmanagement•自然抑制naturalsuppression•助增释放augmentationrelease•保育conservation•检疫quarantine•检疫区quarantineareaAgriculturalentomologyPestsLepidoptera•worm,•butterfly,•moth,•leafrooler•bagworm•Cutworms夜蛾•caterpillar•fruit-piercingmoths•leafminerColeoptera•beetle,•Weevil象鼻虫•chafers•elephantbeetle•longhornlongicorn/long-hornedbeetleHomoptera•scale,•armouredscales•whitefly,•mealybug,•aphid,•psyllid/psylla•Plantleafhopper•cicada,•fruitfly,•gallmidge•leafminer•thrip,•mite,•termite，•locust•Stinkbug/bug•cricket,•Molecricket•GrubsNaturalenemiesPredator:•Ladybirdbettle•Predatory/predacious/mites/thrips•Greenlacewings•AntlionsParasite:•Parasites/ParasitoidwaspPathogen/Entomopathogen:•bacteria•Fungi•White-muscardine•Green-muscardine•virus•nematode•parasitismIntegratedpestmanagement(IPM)QuarantineCulturalcontrolinterplant,rotation,windbreak,plantvigour,resistantvariety，fieldsanitationArtificialandmechanicalcontrolBiologicalcontrolPredators,Parasites/parasitoids,PathogensChemicalcontrol“3R”problems(resurgence,resistance,residue)sustainablepestmanagement•actionlevel,economicthreshold•peakInsecticide/pesticideChemicalinsecticide•Pyrethroid•Organophosphorous•organochlorineinsecticides•broadspectruminsecticide•syntheticinsecticideBordeauxmixtureNaturalpesticidebiologyoriginalpesticide(biologicalpesticide)—animal,plantandmicrobeoriginalpesticidemineraloriginalpesticide—suchashorticulturalmineraloil•biorationalinsecticide•phytotoxicity