2019英语语法-主谓一致.ppt

主谓一致主谓一致是指：1）语法形式上要一致，即单复数形式与谓语要一致。Thenumberofstudentsinourschoolis1,700.MaryandKellylookalike.2）意义上要一致，Thecrowdwererunningfortheirlives.单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、staff、police、cattle等。形复意单的单词有news、works（工厂）、means和以ics结尾的学科名称physics、politics、economics等。3）就近原则，例如：Thereismuchwaterinthethermos.Notonly…butalso…,Neither…nor…,Either…or…就远原则---谓语动词与前面的主语一致当主语有with,togetherwith,alongwith,aswellas,combinedwith,accompaniedby,including,ratherthan,but、except、besides、inadditionto等词组成的短语时，谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如：教师和一些学生在参观工厂。Theteachertogetherwithsomestudentsisvisitingthefactory.他和我想去划船。HeaswellasIwantstogoboating.谓语需用单数1）当主语是国名,机构名,宗教,军队,书籍时，谓语动词常用单数。例如：TheArabianNightisabookknowntoloversofEnglish.TheNavyacceptspeopleof18yearsorolder.2）表示金钱，时间，价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时，通常把这些名词看作一个整体，谓语一般用单数。例如：Threeweekswasallowedformakingthenecessarypreparations.3)不定代词each、every、no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时,如：Eachboyandeachgirlinmyclasshasadictionary.4)如果主语有morethanone…，或manya…oneandahalf构成，从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词用单数形式。Morethanonestudenthasseentheplay.Manyaboyhasboughtthatkindoftoy.特例“more+复数名词+thanone”结构之后，谓语用复数。5）aseriesof…aportionof…aspeciesof…akindof…achainof…apieceof…asetof…Recentlyaseriesofaccidentshasoccurredonhighways.6)名词所有格之后的名词被省略作主语时，动词一般用单数。Myuncle’sisnotforfromhere.常见的省略名词有thebaker’s、thebarber’s、theZhang’s等。特例表示店铺的名词用作主语时，谓语用复数。如：Richardson’shavealotofoldgoodstosell.7）动名词、不定式、从句做主语时LearningEnglishisahardjob.Tobesuccessfulneedsefforts.Whatweneedismoremoney.谓语动词一定是复数1)一些由两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如glasses、clothes、trousers、shoes、compasses、chopsticks、scissors等。但如果主语用akindof、apairof、aseriesof等加名词构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。Apairofshoeswasonthedesk.谓语动词一定是复数2)如果主语由“the+形容词（或分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数。这类词有therich、thepoor、thebrave、theinjured、theliving、thewounded等。指人如表抽象的也可以用单数，如theunknown、thebeautiful等。3）主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。Thecrowdwererunningfortheirlives.单数形式代表复数内容的词有people、police、staff、cattle等。谓语的单复数视情况而定1）代词what,who,none,some,any,more,most,all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如：Allisright.Allarepresent.2）集体名词作主语时，谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family,audience,crew,crowd,class,company,committee、police等例如：Hisfamilyisn'tverylarge.Hisfamilyaremusiclovers.提醒集合名词people,police，staff,cattle等在任何情况下都用复数形式。3）单复数同形原本单数形式的Asheepisoverthere.Somesheepareoverthere.Chinese、Japanese原本复数形式的单、复数同形means、works、species4）并列结构作主语时Readingandwritingareveryimportant.Theironandsteelindustryisveryimportanttoourlife.TheLeaguesecretaryandmonitorisaskedtomakeaspeechatthemeeting.注意：当主语由and连结时，如果它表示单一的概念，谓语动词用单数，and此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。Truthandhonestyisthebestpolicy.Toloveandtobelovedisthegreathappiness.Goingtobedearlyandgettingupearlyisagoodhabit.Aknifeandforkisonthetable.Whenandwhere…hasnotyetbeendecided.5）“分数或百分数+名词”由“alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,halfof，partof+名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致如：Lotsofdamagewascausedbyflood.Anumberofstudentshavegonetothecountryside.特别注意：Each，oneof