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定语从句一．课文原句IlikemusicthatIcandanceto.我喜欢可以随之跳舞的音乐。Roselikesmusicthat’squietandgentle.玫瑰喜欢轻柔的音乐。Iprefersingerswhowritetheirownlyrics.我喜欢自己写歌词的歌手。以上三个句子都是含有定语从句的复合句。第一，二句均是由that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词都是music,第三句是由who引导的定语从句，修饰先行词singers.二．概念及构成在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句放在先行词的后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导。其结构为：先行词+关系代词或关系副词+从句。引导定语从句的关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose等，关系副词有where,when,why等。三．用法点拨1.关系代词在定语从句中的用法关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose放在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用，同时又代替先行词在从句中充当某一成分，关系代词作从句的宾语时通常可以省略，但作从句主语时不能省略。（1）that在从句中可以作主语或宾语，可以指人也可以指物ThisisthePEteacherthatplayssoccerbest.(作主语)这就是踢足球最棒的那位体育老师。Heisn’tthepersonthatItalkedtojustnow.(作宾语)他不是刚才和我说话的那个人。Ilikethecatthathasfourwhitepaws.(作主语)我喜欢那只长着四只白色爪子的猫。ThisisthecatthatIlikebest.(作宾语)这就是我最喜欢的那只猫。（2）who在从句中作主语或宾语，指代人。ThisisthePEteacherwhoplayssoccerbest.(作主语)这就是踢足球最棒的那位体育老师。Heisn’tthemanwhomItalkedtojustnow.(作宾语)他不是刚才和我说话的那个人。（3）which在从句中可以作主语或宾语，指代物。Canyoushowmetheshopwhichisthenearest?(作主语)你能给我指指去最近商店的路吗？Thebookwhichyou’relookingforisTom’s.(作宾语)你正在找的那本书是汤姆的。（4）whose在从句中作定语，指人，也指物。Doyouknowtheboywhosemotherisourmathteacher?你认识那个他妈妈是咱们数学老师的男孩吗？Myunclehasboughtanewcarwhosecolorisblue.我叔叔买了一辆颜色是蓝色的新车。▲that可以指人也可以指物，指人是多数可与who,whom互换，指物时有时可与which互换。eg:Thesongs(that∕which)LiuDehuasangareverypopular.刘德华演唱的歌很受欢迎。Themanthat∕whoisreadingabookoverthereisTom’suncle.在那边看书的那个男人是汤姆的叔叔。▲关系代词whom和which在从句中作介词的宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在主句和从句之间，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。eg:ThebeautifulladytowhomyoutalkedisMissZhang.=Thebeautifullady(whom∕who∕that)youtalkedtoisMissZhang.和你说话哦那位漂亮的女士是张小姐。2.关系代词用法辨析（1）用that不用which的情况：A.先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时通常用that.Eg:ThisisthemostbeautifulmountainthatIhaveseen.这是我所见过的最美丽的山。ThefirstEnglishnovelthatIreadwas“Thirty-nineStep“我读的第一本英文小说是《39级台阶》。（2）先行词前有all,any,no,little,much,many,theonly,thevery,thelast等修饰词时通常用that.Eg:HerearealltheclothesthatIhave.这就是我所有的衣服。ThisistheonlybookthatIlike.这就是我唯一喜欢的一本书。（3）先行词是everything,something,anything,all,none,much,little,many,few等不定代词时，通常用that.Eg：Finally,thethiefhandedineverythingthathehadstolen.最后小偷交出了他所偷的所有东西。（4）先行词同时含有“人”和“物”的名词时，用that.Eg:IcanrememberthepeopleandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.我能记得我在这个房间里看到的人和一些图画。（5）在以who引导的疑问词后，为了避免重复，用that.Eg:Whoisthegirlthatisstandingthere?站在那边的那个女孩是谁？（6）。先行词在句中作表语Shanghaiisnolongerthecitythatitusedtobe▲只用which不用that情况：（1）在介词后用which,不用that.eg:Thisisthebankinwhichtherobberyhappened.这是那所发生抢劫案的银行。（2）先行词本身是that时，用which，不能用that.eg:Theclockisthatwhichtellsthetime.钟表是用来报时的。四．关系副词（when,where,why）关系副词when,where,why在定语从句中作状语，即定语从句中不缺主语、宾语，只缺时间、地点或原因状语1.★：分析句子结构，明确句法成分关系词在从句中作宾语还是作状语，关键取决于从句中的谓语动词。如果定语从句中谓语动词是及物动词，应观察其后有无宾语。如果没宾语，则应考虑使用能充当宾语的关系代词which或that。如果句子中有宾语，就考虑关系副词when或where等2.When的用法（在定语从句中做时间状语）IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.Wewillneverforgetthehappytimewhenweworkedonthefarm.Hecameatatimewhen(atwhich)weneededhelp.3.where的用法（在定语从句中做地点状语）Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.AfterlivinginPairsforfiftyyears,hereturnedtothesmalltownwherehegrewupasachild.4.why的用法（在定语从句中做原因状语）Thereareseveralreasonswhywecan’tdothat.Hecouldn’tgivetheteacheragoodreasonwhyhewaslateforschool.Isthisthereasonwhy(forwhich)herefusedouroffer?Thereasonwhy(forwhich)shewasillisthatshehadeatenbadmeat.5.比较I’llneverforgetthedaysthat/whichIspentwithmyteacher.I’llneverforgetthedayswhenIworkedwithyou.Itisthehousethat/whichwasbuilttwoyearsago.Itisthehousewhere/inwhichIwasborn.Thereasonwhich/thathegavewasanexcuse.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewastherain.Doyouknowthereasonwhyhedidn’tturnup?★：定语从句中的主谓一致问题。当关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致，因为关系代词所指代的就是先行词。Eg:Tomisoneoftheboysthatare（易错点）fromtheUSA.汤姆是众多来自美国的男孩中的一个。Tomistheonlyboythatis(易错点)fromtheUSA.汤姆是从美国来的唯一的男孩。I.单项填空。1.-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather?-Yes,he’sourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom2.Isthistheriver_____Icanswim?A.whichB.inwhichC.thatD.theone3.Thisisthebesthotelinthecity_____Iknow.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.it4.Canyoulendmethedictionary______theotherday?A.thatyouboughtB.youboughtitC.thatyouboughtitD.whichyouboughtit5.Anyone______withwhatIsaidmayputupyouhands.A.whichagreesB.whoagreeC.whoagreesD.whichagree6.Mywatchisnottheonlything______ismissing.A.thatB.itC.whichwho7.Theman______coatisblackiswaitingatthegateA.who’sB.whoseC.thatofwhich.8.Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.A.which;isB.whom;wasC.who;isD.who;was9.Iloveplaces______thepeoplearereallyfriendly.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who10.Theworld______ismadeupofmatter.A.inthatweliveB.onwhichweliveC.whereweliveinD.weliveinⅡ.用适当的关系代词that,which,who,whom填空。1.Thefirstthing______youmustdoistohaveameal.2.April1stistheday_____iscalledAprilFool’sDayinthewest.3.Thefamily_____hadlosteverythinginabigfiregotmuchhelpfromtheirfriends.4.Thehouse_____weliveinisveryold.5.Didn’tyouseetheman______Italkedwithjustnow?答案：CBCACABCCAThat,which,which,who,whom.