工程光学练习题(英文题加中文题含答案)

EnglishHomeworkforChapter11.Inancienttimestherectilinearpropagationoflightwasusedtomeasuretheheightofobjectsbycomparingthelengthoftheirshadowswiththelengthoftheshadowofanobjectofknownlength.Astaff2mlongwhenhelderectcastsashadow3.4mlong,whileabuilding’sshadowis170mlong.Howtallisthebuilding?Solution.Accordingtothelawofrectilinearpropagation,weget,x=100(m)Sothebuildingis100mtall.2.Lightfromawatermediumwithn=1.33isincidentuponawater-glassinterfaceatanangleof45o.Theglassindexis1.50.Whatangledoesthelightmakewiththenormalintheglass?Solution.Accordingtothelawofrefraction,Weget,Sothelightmake38.8owiththenormalintheglass.3.Agoldfishswims10cmfromthesideofasphericalbowlofwaterofradius20cm.Wheredoesthefishappeartobe?Doesitappearlargerorsmaller?Solution.Accordingtotheequation.andn’=1,n=1.33,r=-20wecangetSothefishappearslarger.4.32170x''sinsinInIn626968.05.145sin33.1sinI8.38Irnnlnln11416.110133.15836.8)(5836.81165.02033.01033.11lnlncmlrnnlnln′=1.50n=1.33water45oI′A4.Anobjectislocated2cmtotheleftofconvexendofaglassrodwhichhasaradiusofcurvatureof1cm.Theindexofrefractionoftheglassisn=1.5.Findtheimagedistance.Solution.Refertothefigure.Accordingtotheequationandn=1,n’=1.5,l1=-2cm,r1=1cm,wegetEnglishHomeworkforChapter21.Anobject1cmhighis30cminfrontofathinlenswithafocallengthof10cm.Whereistheimage?Verifyyouranswerbygraphicalconstructionoftheimage.Solution.AccordingtotheGauss’sequation,rnnlnlncmlldlll2021115.15.121211R2=-20cmR1=20cmA-10cmr1=1cmAA′-l1=2cml2′-l=30cmf′=10cmy=1cmandl=-30cmf’=10cm.wegetOthersareomitted.2.Alensisknowntohaveafocallengthof30cminair.Anobjectisplaced50cmtotheleftofthelens.Locatetheimageandcharacterizeit.Solution.AccordingtoGauss’sequation,andf′=30cml=-50cmwegetTheimageisareal,largerone.3.Theobjectistransparentcube,4mmacross,placed60cminfrontof20cmfocallength.Calculatethetransverseandaxialmagnificationanddescribewhattheimagelookslike?Solution.FromGauss’sequation,wefindfortherearsurfaceofthecube(thefaceclosertothelens)that,Forthefrontsurface(thefacefartherawayfromthelens),ThetransversemagnificationfortherearsurfaceisButtheaxialmagnificationisSince,thecubedoesn’tlooklikeacube.fll11)(15)30(10)30(10cmlflflfll11)(75)50(30)50(30cmlflfl5.15075ll)(3020)60()20()60(111cmflfll)(9.29204.6020)4.60(2cml5.06030tM25.0)4.60(609.2930llMaatMM-l=50cmf′=30cm4.Abiconvexlensismadeoutofglassofn=1.52.Ifonesurfacehastwicetheradiusofcurvatureoftheother,andifthefocallengthis5cm,whatarethetworadii?Solution.Supposingr1=-2r2(ρ2=-2ρ1),accordingtothelensequationweget,∴r1=7.8(cm)r2=-3.9(cm)返回EnglishHomeworkforChapter41.Astop8mmindiameterisplacedhalfwaybetweenanextendedobjectandalarge-diameterlensof9cmfocallength.Thelensprojectsanimageoftheobjectontoascreen14cmaway.Whatisthediameteroftheexitpupil?))(1(21n))(152.1(51211282.012564.02r1-r2l’-lImageLensStopObjectSolution.Refertothefigure.First,fromtheknownfocallengthandtheimagedistance,wefindtheobjectdistance.andl’=14f’=9l=-25.2(cm)Thestopisone-halfthatdistanceisfrontofthelens,sols=12.6(cm)∴ls’=31.5(cm)∴2.Twolenses,alensof12.5cmfocallengthandaminuslensofunknownpower,aremountedcoaxiallyand8cmapart.Thesystemisafocal,thatislightenteringthesystemparallelatonesideemergesparallelattheother.Ifastop15mmindiameterisplacedhalfwaybetweenthelenses:1)Whereistheentrancepupil?2)Whereistheexitpupil?3)Whataretheirdiameters?Solution.Refertothefigure.Forthesystemtobeafocal,thefocalpointsofthetwolensesmustcoincide.Sincef1’=12.5cm,andthetwolensesare8cmapart,sof2’=-4.5cm.Theentrancepupilistheimageofstopformedbythefirstlens.fll11122.255.31ssstopexllDD)(28.05.2cmDexF1’(F2)-l2’L1’Stopf’=12.5cm8cmAccordingtoGauss’sequation,andl1’=4cm,f1’=12.5cm.WegetTheexitpupil’slocationis返回EnglishHomeworkforChapter71.Apersonwantstolookattheimageofhisorherowneyes,withoutaccommodation,usingaconcavemirrorof60cmradiusofcurvature.Howfarmustthemirrorbefromtheeyeifthepersonhas1)Normalvision?2)4dioptermyopia,withoutcorrection?3)4diopterhyperopia,withoutcorrection?Solution.1)Whenthepersonhasnormalvision,accordingtothefollowingscheme1,wegetso,2)Accordingtothefollowingscheme2,111111fll)(88.55.845.1211111cmlflfl)(05.22488.5151mmDDstopentrance)(95.715412.2)(12.25.818)4()5.4()4()5.4(222222mmDDcmfllflstopexit'lcmrl302l'=∞lScheme1and,orSothemirrormustbe75cmor10cmfromtheeye.3)Accordingtothefollowingscheme3,and,or(Sincetheobjectisreal,sowecangiveupthisanswer)Sothemirrormustbe50cmfromtheeye.141mlrcmllr25rll211)(25cmllcmr60265852253048585025308522lll)(50')(7511cmlcml)(15')(1022cmlcmlrll211)(25'cmllcmr60265352253043535025303522lll)(75')(5011cmlcml)(10')(1522cmlcmlll'Scheme225l'lScheme3252.Discussion:Whatdifferencesbetweenthefollowingsituations:1)amicroscopeisusedforprojection;2)themicroscopeisusedforvisualobservation.返回工程光学（上）期末考试试卷一．问答题：（共12分，每题3分）1．摄影物镜的三个重要参数是什么？它们分别决