邹申-写作教程-Units-3-4

英语国家概况Unit4Customs李更春,博士讲师2015.31ModuleOne：Unit4CustomsAttheendofthisunit,youwillLearningobjectives1.haveabetterunderstandingofthefeaturesandorganizationalpatternsofprocessanalysisinparagraphwriting;2.becomefamiliarwiththerelevantlinkingdevicesinprocessanalysis;and3.beabletowriteparagraphsofprocessanalysisaccordingtotheinstructionsgiven.2PART1Warm-upActivities3Writeaboutwhatdishesyouwouldliketocookwhenyouaregiventhechancetoshowofftoyourfamily,andhowyouaregoingtodoit.Trytoanswerthefollowingquestionsbeforeyouwrite:PART1Warm-upActivitiesArethereanypreparations?4Whatarethestepsinvolvedindoingit?Whatistheresultofyoureffort?PART1Warm-upActivitiesMakingdumplings:Step1:Buymeat,vegetables,flourordumplingwrappers.Step2:Cleanthemeatandvegetablesandcutthemintopieces.5Step3:Combinealltheseintoamixturewithsomecondiments(调味品，佐料).Step4:Rolloutdumplingwrappers;ifthewrappersarebought,justwrapthemixedmeatandvegetableintodumplingsoneafteranother.Step5:Cookthedumplingsinboilingwaterbeforeeatingthem.PART1Warm-upActivitiesHowtomakesweetandsourspareribs(糖醋排骨):Step1:--Fillawok(炒锅)withhalf-fullofwaterandturnontheheat.Slowlyaddthespareribsections,andcoverthem.--Oncethewaterisboiling,addinthecookingwine(料酒).Boilfor15-20minutesuntilthespareribsectionsare70%cooked.--Removethemtoacolander(滤锅，漏勺),andplaceinasmallbasin.Addthesalt,whitevinegarandwheatflour(全麦面粉).Cracktheeggintoitandstirwellwithchopsticks.Letitmarinate(腌泡)for10-15minutes.6PART1Warm-upActivitiesHowtomakesweetandsourspareribs(糖醋排骨):Step2:Inanotherbowlorsmallbasincombinethewhitesugar,whitevinegar,cookingwine,soysauce(酱油),andcornstarch(玉米淀粉).Stirwell.7PART1Warm-upActivitiesHowtomakesweetandsourspareribs(糖醋排骨):Step3:Placeawokoverhighheatuntilhot.Addsomecookingoil,--andaddintheprocessed(处理过的)spareribsonebyonewithchopsticks.--Whentheylookyellowish-white,turnoffthefireandremovethemtoaacolanderquickly.--Removethebrokenbits,andaddthefriedspareribsbackintobefiredagainwhenthetemperatureoftheoilinthewokisheatedbackupto70centigrade.--Frythespareribswelluntiltheyturngolden.--Then,removethemfromthewok.8PART1Warm-upActivitiesHowtomakesweetandsourspareribs(糖醋排骨):Step4:Leavesomecookingoilinthewok,swirlingtocoatthesides.--Addinthegreenonion(大葱)sectionsandpreparedseasoningsauce(调味酱)fromstep2,andstir-fry(用旺火炒)overhighheatforabout20seconds.--Then,addinthefriedspareribsandfryandstew(炖煮)for2-3minutesoverhighheat--untiltheseasoningsaucecoatstheoutsideskinofthefriedspareribs.9PART1Warm-upActivitiesHowtomakesweetandsourspareribs(糖醋排骨):Step5:Now,turnoffthefire,pickthedelicioussweetandsourspareribsoutofthewok,andserve.Aplateofdelicioussweetandsourspareribsisreadyforyoutoenjoy.10ProcessAnalysisProcessisaseriesofstepsoractionsleadingtoaspecificend.Processanalysisisatypeofwritingthatinformshowtodosomethingorhowsomethinghappensstepbystepsothatthereadercanperformtheprocessorunderstandtheprocessmoreeasily.Forthisreason,processparagraphsareoftenorganizedintimeorder.11ProcessAnalysisProcessanalysisisoneofthecommonandusefulwaysinwritingslikedescriptionandnarration.Processwritingorganizesitsideasaccordingtothestepsoftheprocess.Forinstance,weoftenneedtoexplainhowsomethingisdoneorwhatprocedureswehavetofollowinordertocompleteaprocess.Suchstepsorprocedureshavetobearrangedastheyreasonablyorobjectively(notrandomly)occur.12ProcessAnalysisThepurposeofprocessdescriptionisusuallytoinform,teachorgiveideastothereaderabouthowsomethingnew(orinterestingorconventional)happensorinwhatwayitcanbecompleted.13howthebodyusesoxygenhowaCDplayerproducessoundhowpeoplecelebrateaholidayortraditionhowtoloseweight/stopsmokinghowtostudyforanexamProcessAnalysisTherearetwotypesofprocessanalysis.14Directionalprocessanalysisgivesstep-by-stepinstructionstohelpreaderscarryoutaprocess(howtorunacomputerprogram,howtowriteanoutline,forexample.)Whenyouencounterapersonatapartywhostartstotelljokeswithracialslurs(毁谤;诋毁;侮辱性的言辞),youshouldtakecertainsteps.First,youshouldnotlaughatthejokes,eventhoughyoumayembarassthatperson.Then...ProcessAnalysis15Informativeprocessanalysisexplainsaprocesstohelpreadersunderstandhowsomethinghappensorhowsomethingoperates(howantsareproduced(繁殖),howIbecameavideoholic(录像迷),forinstance.)Lastweekendataparty,amanstartedtellingracialjokes.Idecideditwastimetotakeastand(表明立场),andIdevelopedsomestrategiesIintendtousefromnowon.First,Ididn'tlaughatthisjob.Then...OrganizationalStructureReadthefollowingparagraphsandtellwhattypeofprocessanalysistheybelongto.16SupplementaryReading17SupplementaryReadingThecloningofDollyinvolvedseveralsteps.First,cellsthathadpreviouslybeentakenfromDolly’smotherwerestarvedforfivedays,whichcausedthemtostopdividing.Thisinterruptionofthecells’divisioncyclemadeiteasierforthemtoreprogramthemselvestostartgrowinganeworganism.Afterfivedays,thenucleiofthesecellswereremovedandtransferredintoanunfertilizedsheepegg,fromwhichthenaturalnucleushadpreviouslybeenremoved.Inthenextstep,theeggwasgrowninthelaboratoryforaperiodoftime.Thentheeggwasimplantedintoadifferentsheep,whereitgrewnormally.Whenthesheepfinallygavebirth,thel