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环境科学与工程专业词汇包括环境学总论、环境地学、环境生物学、环境化学、环境物理学、环境工程学、环境医学、环境经济学、环境管理学、环境法学、环境教育等11大类。环境学总论原生环境primaryenvironment次生环境secondaryenvironment生态示范区ecologicaldemonstratearea环境地质学environmentalgeology环境地球化学environmentalgeo-chemistry环境土壤学environmentalsoilscience环境微生物学environmentalmicrobiology环境危机environmentalcrisis环境保护environmentalprotection环境预测environmentalforecasting环境自净environmentalself-purification环境效应environmentaleffect环境容量environmentalcapacity环境演化evolutionofenvironment环境舒适度environmentalcomfort环境背景值（本底值）environmentalbackgroundvalue环境保护产业（环保产业）environmentalproductionindustry环境壁垒（绿色壁垒）environmentalbarrier绿色革命greenrevolution可持续发展sustainabledevelopment第三类环境问题（社会环境问题）thethirdenvironmentalproblem悬浮物suspendedsolids一次污染物primarypollutant二次污染物secondarypollutant全球性污染globalpollution排污收费pollutioncharge可更新资源renewableresources不可更新资源non-renewableresources自然保护区naturalreservearea防护林protectionforest公害publicnuisance矿山公害miningnuisance工业废水industrialwastewater矿山废水miningdrainage生活饮用水domesticpotablewater草原退化grasslanddegeneration沙漠化desertification人口压力populationpressure人口净增率rateofpopulation全球环境监测系统globalenvironmentmonitoringsystemGEMS中国环境保护工作方针Chinesepolicyforenvironmentprotection“三同时”原则principleof“thethreeatthesametime”二噁英公害dioxinenuisance马斯河谷烟雾事件disasterinMeuseValley多诺拉烟雾事件disasterinDonora伦敦烟雾事件disasterinLondon水俣病事件minamatadiseaseincident骨痛病事件itai-itaidisasterincident洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件LosAngelesphotochemicalsmogepisode四日市哮喘事件Yokkaichiasthmaepisode米糠油事件Yushodiseaseincident环境地学水圈hydrosphere水循环watercirculation地面水（地表水）surfacewater水位waterlevel下渗（入渗）sinking蒸发evaporation最高水位highestwaterlevel最低水位lowestwaterlevel平均水位averagewaterlevel警戒水位warningwaterlevel流速flowvelocity流量discharge洪水期floodseason枯水期low-waterseason冲刷washout含水层aquifer隔水层（不透水层）aquiclude透水层permeablestratum层间水interlayerwater承压水（有压层间水）confinedwater或自流水artesianwater孔隙水voidwater岩溶水（喀斯特水）karstwater径流runoffflow地表径流runoff地下水groundwater流域保护waterbasinprotection淡水freshwater咸水saltwater降水precipitation沉淀降水量amountofprecipitation降水强度intensityofprecipitation水环境容量carryingcapacityofwaterenvironment水土流失（土壤侵蚀）soilandwaterloss点源污染pointsourcepollution面源污染non-pointsourcepollution扩散diffusion涡流eddycurrent涡流扩散eddydiffusion富营养化废水eutrophicwaste-water污水sewage漫灌floodirritation水底沉积物（底质或底泥）benthaldeposit总固体totalsolids悬浮固体suspendedsolids总溶解固体totaldissolvedsolids河流复氧常数constantofriverreoxygenation湖泊酸化lakeacidification富营养化eutrophication富营养湖eutrophiclake中营养湖mesotrophiclake贫营养湖oligotrophiclake水库reservoir海洋处置seadisposal海底采样seafloorsample赤潮（红潮）redtide海水淡化desalinationofseawater海底沉积物seabottomsediment海洋倾倒oceandumping水质waterquality水资源综合利用waterresourceintegratedutilization水土保持soilandwaterconservation河道整治channelimprovement水污染毒性生物评价biologicalassessmentofwaterpollutiontoxicity水利工程hydro-engineering水体自净self-purificationofwaterbody水环境保护功能区（水质功能区）functionaldistrictofwaterenvironment土地处理系统landtreatmentsystem土地沙漠化landdesertification土壤肥力soilfertility土壤酸碱度soilacidityandalkalinity土壤污染防治preventionandtreatmentofsoilpollution土壤盐渍化（土壤盐碱化）soilsalination土壤酸化soilacidification母质（土壤母质或成土母质）parentmaterial土壤剖面soilprofile腐殖质化humification淋溶作用leaching土壤改良soilimprovement土壤粒级soilseparate土壤质地soiltexture缓冲作用buffering/bufferaction缓冲剂bufferingagent/buffer缓冲容量buffercapacity盐基饱和度basesaturationpercentage灌溉irrigation富里酸fuvicacid胡敏素humin土壤团聚体soilaggregate土壤退化（土壤贫瘠化）soildegeneration土壤地带性soilzonality污水灌溉wastewaterirrigation臭氧层ozonelayer降水precipitation降水量rainfall降水强度precipitationintensity大气环境容量atmosphericenvironmentalcapacity事后评价afterwardsassessment烟尘消除eliminationofsmokeanddust温室效应greenhouseeffect大气扩散atmosphericdiffusion烟羽（烟流或羽流）plume逆温inversion环境生物学生境habitat耐受极限limitsoftolerance最小因子定律lawofminimum生物检测bioassay环境胁迫environmentalstress生物多样性bio-diversity生态位niche生命周期lifecycle生态型ecotype自养生物autotrophy异养生物heterotroph指数增长exponentialgrowth互利共生mutualism偏利共生commensalisms寄生parasitism衍生物derivative杀虫剂insecticide杀菌剂fungicide除草剂herbicide防腐剂preservative杀鼠剂rodenticide无残留农药non-persistentpesticide植物性农药phytopesticide污水灌溉sewageirrigation世界自然历史遗产保护地worldnaturalandhistoricalheritagesite储量stock过度捕获over-hunting;over-fishing猎（渔）期openseason农业残渣agriculturaldregs赤潮redtide藻花algaebloom/水花waterbloom原生污染物primarypollutant次生污染物secondarypollutant急性毒性实验acutetoxicitytest慢性毒性实验chronictoxicitytest预备实验screeningtest;range-findingtest;preliminarytest稀释dilution归宿fate生物积累bioaccumulation生物浓缩bioconcentration生物放大biomagnification生物降解biologicaldegradation;biodegradation生物营养物质bioticnutrient多污生物带polysaprobiczone中污生物带mesosaprobiczone寡污生物带oligosaprobiczone敏感种sensitivespecies;intolerantorganism耐污种tolerantspecies生物滤池biologicalfilter净化塘/氧化塘/生物塘purificationpond生物膜biomembrane;biologicalfilm轮作croprotation间作intercropping套种interplanting基塘模式farmlandandfishpondmodel防护林带shelterbelt沼气marshgas农家肥farmmanure堆肥piledmanure城市热岛效应urbanheatislandeffect城市生态规划urbanecologicalplanning环境激素endocrinedisruptingchemicals;endocrinedisruptors边缘效应edgeeffect生态恢复ecologicalrestoration恢复生态学restorationecological环境化学甲基汞methylmercury镉米cadmiumrice农药残留pesticideresidue有机氯农药organochlorinepesticide有机磷农药organophosphorouspesticide氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂carbamateinsecticide拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂pyrethroidinsectici