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JohnDonne(1572--1631)IvyLiI.Life&CareerII.Literaryachivements&WorksIII.ThefeaturesofhispoemsIV.TheFleaDonneisafamouspoetinthelate16Candtheearly17CinLondonandheisalsooneofthemostcontroversalpoetsinhistoryofEnglishliterature.Hewascalledasthefounderandtherepresentiveofmetaphysicalpoetrybecausehispoetryarefullofmetaphysicalthinking（玄学思想）andsophistry(诡辩）.Intheendof17Cand18C,Donne'spoetrywascriticiedbythepublicandcriticsfortheroughmelodyandshowingoffthemetaphysicsandwits.ThemostfamouscriticwasDr.SamuelJohnsonof18C,whoseopinionofDonne'spoetryrepresentedthepublic's.Until19C,Done'spoetrybeganbeingapprecietedbysomepeople.ConstantinianHuygens,agreatpoetandiplomat,saidinthekingdonofpoetry,Donneisthemostfamousone.ThomasCarew,apoet,wroteaelegyforDonne'death,whichsaidhewasthekingofwisdomkingdom.Historicalappraisal1.Life&Career(threeparts:theearlylifebefore1600year,thelifebetween1601-1610andhislateryearsoflife)a)JohnDonnewasborninBreadStreet,Londonin1572toaprosperousRomanCatholicfamily.Attheageof11,DonneenteredUniversityofOxfordandthenextthreeyearsattheUniversityofCambridge,buttooknodegreeateitheruniversity.Hestudiedtheology,madicineandclassicalliterature.Hewasadmittedtostudylawlater.In1596-1598Donnejoinedthenavalexpedition.UponhisreturntoEnglandin1598,DonnewasappointedprivatesecretarytoSirThomasEgerton.Donnewasbeginningapromisingcareer.In1601,DonnebecameMPforBrackley.Life&Careerb)1601wastheturningpointtoDonne.In1601,hesecretlymarriedhisemployer'sniece,seventeen-year-oldAnneMore,daughterofSirGeorgeMore,andeffectivelycommittedcareersuicide.DonnewasthrowninFleetPrisonbySirGeorgeforsomeweeks,andthenwasdismissedfromhispost,andforthenextdecadehadtostrugglenearpovertytosupporthisgrowingfamily.Thesewerebitteryearsforamanwhoknewhecouldhaverisentothehighestposts,andyetfoundnopreferment.Itwasnotuntil1609thatareconciliation(和解）waseffectedbetweenDonneandhisfather-in-law.c)In1615，DonnereluctantlyenteredtheministryandwasappointedaRoyalChaplain.HechangedhisCatholicismbelieftoAnglican.OnMarch27,1625,JamesIdied,andDonnepreachedhisfirstsermonforCharlesI.Buthavingmouthsoresandhadexperiencedsignificantweightloss,Donnealmostcertainlywouldhavebecomeabishopin1630.Obsessedwiththeideaofdeath,Donneposedinashroud-thepaintingwascompletedafewweeksbeforehisdeath,andlaterusedtocreateaneffigy.Healsopreachedwhatwascalledhisownfuneralsermon,Death'sDuel,justafewweeksbeforehediedinLondononMarch31,1631.Life&Career2、Literaryachivement&WorksDonne'poetryincludes55lovepoems,20elegies(挽歌），5ironicpoems,37epistolarypoems(书信体诗），3longpoems,about40sacredversesandothermarrigeodeandshortpoems.The55lovepoemsaremostwell-knowed.Works(metaphysicalpoems)I.Hispoemsareusuallydividedinto2categories:A.lovelyricsB.religiouspoems(Sacredverse).Inhisearlylovelyrics,loveisthebasictheme.Hethinksthatthenatureofloveistheunionofsoul&body.Butinhislatereligiouspoems,heshowsanelementofconflictordoubt.SomefamousworksandquotationsfromDonne(Lovepoems,1593-1614)SongsandSonnets:《theGood-Morrow》《BreakofDay》,《TheFlea》,《TheParodox》...Elegies:(OnHisMistress),(ToHisMistressGoingtoBed)...HolySonnets:HolySonnet6(AttheRoundEarth'simaginedCorner,Below),HolySonnet10(DeathBeNotProud)...《Devotions》(祷告），《Sermons》(布道)Quotations:OnceIlovedanddied;andamnowbecomeMineepitaphandtomb.___TheParodoxLove,allalike,noseasonknows,norclime,Norhours,days,months,whicharetheragsoftime.——TheSunRisingIwonder,bymytroth,whatthouandIDid,tillwelove?——TheGoodMorrowLovebuiltonbeauty,soonasbeauty,dies.——ElegyII:TheAnagramOmyAmerica!mynewfoundland,Mykingdom,safeliestwhenwithonemanmanned.——ElegyXX:ToHisMistressGoingtoBedMetaphysicalpoems---Thetermiscommonlyusedtorefertothepoetryofthe17thcenturypoetswhowroteundertheinfluenceofJohnDonne.Thetermisdescribingthepoetrycharacterizedbyverbalwit&excess,ingeniousstructure,irregularmeter,spokenlanguage,elaborateimagery,andadrawingtogetherofdissimilarideas.MetaphysicalPoemsThemainthemesofthemetaphysicalpoetry(Donne'poems)arelove,death,sarcasmandreligion.Accordingtothem,allthingsintheuniverse,nomatterhowdissimilartheyaretoeachother,arecloselyunifiedinGod.Themes3.ThefeaturesofMetaphysicalpoetry1).Theuseoftheconceit---awittycomparisonbetweenthingsatfirstsightutterlyunlikeeachother(Emphasizingthoughtbyfantasticmetaphorsandextravaganthyperboles,strangeimageriesandobscurelanguage)2).Argumentativeorlogicalstructure3).compressedanddifficult;thereisverylittlewritingwhichispurelyornamentalordescriptive4).vividandspokenlanguage,suggestiveoftherhythmsofordinaryspeech5).SongThemainfeaturesofDonne'speoms:conceit(妙喻）wit（机智）andimagery（意象）1.)conceitConceit:fromtheItalianconcetto(矫揉造作的文体）,usedtomeanapreciseanddetailedcomparisonofsomethingmoreremoteorabstractwithsomethingmorepresentorconcrete,andoftendetailedthroughachainofmetaphorsorsimiles.2.)Wit（机智)Justlikeconceit,witisnottheinventionofDonne,buthisinnovation.Actually,witisthemainspringofhispoeticmethod,andcentraltohispoeticstatement.WitlashesthroughDonne’slovelyrics,satires,epigrams,religiouspoemsandsermons.Wit:theabilitytousecontrastingandunlikelyassociationstoex