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GrammarThePassiveVoice语态(voice)是个语法范畴，它是一种动词形式，表示动词的主语与该动词所表示的动作之间的主动和被动关系。当主语是动作的执行者时，动词用主动语态（ActiveVoice）；如果主语是动作的承受者，动词便用被动语态（PassiveVoice）。Wecleanedtheclassroomyesterday.昨天我们打扫了教室。Theclassroomwascleanedbyusyesterday.昨天教室被我们打扫了。一、被动语态的定义：二、被动语态的一般结构：即：be+done(+by)“be+及物动词的过去分词”HamletwaswrittenbyShakespeare.《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚写的。Thetaskhasbeenfinished.任务已经完成了。WespeakEnglish.主语谓语宾语Englishisspokenbyus.主语谓语宾语主动语态被动语态一般现在时：am/is/aredone一般过去时：was/weredone现在进行时：am/is/arebeingdone过去进行时：was/werebeingdone现在完成时：have/hasbeendone过去完成时：hadbeendone一般将来时：shall/willbedone;begoingtobedone当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为can/must/haveto…bedoneHeisregardedasabrilliantscientist.他被认为是一位才华横溢的科学家。Thisbookwaswrittenin1969.这本书是1969年写成的。Thebrokenbikeisbeingrepairednow.那辆坏了的自行车正在被修理。Hetoldusthecatwasbeingwashedwhenwecalledhim.他告诉我们打电话时他正在给猫洗澡。Thepenhasbeenusedforseveralyears.这支钢笔已经用了几年。Hesaidthefactoryhadbeenopened.他说这家工厂已经开张。Theworkwillbefinishedinthreehours.工作将于三小时后完成。Thebabymustbelookedafterwell.这孩子必须被好好照顾。三、各种时态的被动语态：PeoplespeakEnglishalmostallovertheworld.世界各地都有人讲英语。Englishisspokenalmostallovertheworld.1．含有单宾语的句子转换：四、主动变被动中的几个问题：2.含有双宾语的句子转换,多将间接宾语改为主语。IgavethebooktoMr.Smithyesterday.昨天我给了史密斯先生一本书。ThebookwasgiventoMr.Smithyesterday(byme).Mr.Smithwasgivenabookyesterday(byme).Mymotherwillbuymeacoatnextweek.变为被动语态1.Acoatwillbeboughtformenextweek(bymymother).2.Iwillbeboughtacoatnextweek(bymymother).3.当动词后有复合宾语，变被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语即可，其它不变。Thebossfoundacooksmokinginthekitchen.Acookwasfoundsmokinginthekitchen.4.“get＋done”也可表示被动语态，此结构比较口语化。Thepatientgottreatedonceaweek.Shegotmarriedlastweek.Peoplebelievethatheisanhonestboy.大家认为他是个诚实的孩子。Itisbelievedthatheisanhonestboy.Theboyisbelievedtobeanhonestone.方法1)把宾语从句里的主语变成被动句的主语，同时把宾语从句中的谓语变成不定式短语。方法2)用先行的it作形式主语，把宾语从句变成后置的主语从句；5.当主动句的宾语是that引导的宾语从句，可转换为两种形式的被动句。练习：Weallthinkthatwecouldwinthegame.wearethoughttowinthegame.Itisthoughtthatwecouldwinthegame.以上即是汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“据报道”、“有人说”、“大家说”等句式。Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouse.ItisreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS.众所周知……Itiswellknownthat…据推测说……Itissupposedthat…6.含有动词短语的句子转换。Theyhaveneverlistenedtohim.他们从不听他的话。Hehasneverbeenlistenedto.练习：Theytakegoodcareofthebaby.Thebabyistakengoodcareofbythem.注意：含动词词组的被动语态，须将其看作一个整体，不可把它们分隔开来,不要丢漏动词短语中的副词或介词。Hemademedothework.Iwasmadetodotheworkbyhim.6.主动句中动词不带to,但在被动句中带to的几种情况：练习：Weheardhimsaygood-byetohisfriends.Hewasheardtosaygood-byetohisfriends.注意：make,let,have/feel,hear,see,watch等词在主动句中动词不带to,但在被动句中要带to五、主动形式也可以表示被动意义的几种情况：1、主语是物，谓语是表示主语特征或属性的不及物动词。常见的这类动词有write,read,wear,wash,clean,sell,run等。这些动词常与副词smoothly,easily,well,badly等连用。例如：Themachinerunswell.Thispenwritesquitesmoothly.Thiskindofbooksellswell.2、表示主语状态特征的连系动词：look,feel,smell,taste,sound,prove,appear等。例如：—Doyoulikethematerial?—Yes,it________(feel)verysoft.Yourideasoundsreasonable.Whathesaidprovedtobecorrect.3.不及物动词和某些短语。happen,last,begin,stop,open,takeplace,breakout,comeabout,belongto,runout等.(1)WorldwarⅡbrokeoutin1937.(2)Theshopopensat6ameveryday.4.在need,want,require,deserve等词后用动名词的主动形式表示被动含义，也可用不定式的被动形式。Thematterwantslookinginto.Thematterwantstobelookedinto.5.beworth后接动名词的主动式表示被动意义。但可用beworthytobedone或beworthyofbeingdone1.Hissuggestionisnotworthconsidering.2.Thefilmiswellworthseeing.3.Thefilmisworthytobeseen/ofbeingseen.6.不定式在difficult,easy,hard,safe,good,fit,light等形容词之后作状语，且和句子主语有逻辑上的动宾关系时，用主动式表被动义。Thebookiseasytounderstand.Themorningairisfreshtobreathe.Thegirliseasytogetalongwith.7.不定式作后置定语，与被修饰的名词构成动宾关系，又和该句主语或宾语构成主谓关系，用主动式表被动义。Shehassomethingtosay.Iwillgivehimsomethingtodrink.8.某些作表语用的不定式，强调出租，责备，解雇等，此类常用的动词有let,hire,blame等。AmItoblame?我该受罚吗?Thehouseistolet.这房屋出租。9.非谓语动词的被动情况。Thehousetobebuiltnextyearisourlab.Thehousebeingbuiltnowisourlab.Thehousebuiltlastyearisourlab.beingdone/tobedone/donehavingbeendonetohavebeendone高考直击：1.Anexhibitionofpaintings____(hold)atthemuseumnextweek．2.Everypossiblemeans____(try),butnone____(prove)successful．3.Thequestionheaskedishard____(answer)4.Bytheendoflastyear,anothernewgymnasium____(complete)inBeijing.5．Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool＿＿＿(send)abroadtostudymedicinelastyear.6.Sarah,hurryup.I’mafraidyouwouldn’thavetimeto＿＿(change)beforetheparty.练习Ⅰistobeheldhasbeentriedprovestoanswerhadbeencompletedweresentgetchanged7.Rainforests＿＿(cut)andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthefuture.8.Ifeelitisyourhusbandwho______(blame)forthespoiledchild.9.Greatchanges______(takeplace)inthecity,andalotoffactories______(setup)inthepastfewyears.10.Thefootballmatch________(hold)inourschoolnextweek.arebeingcutistoblamehavetakenplacehavebeensetupisgoingtobeheldII.下列句子均有一处错误，请改正。1.Don’tworry!Youwillnotbelaughedforthat.2.Thefilmissointerestingthatitwillwatchagainandagain.3.Ipromisethismatterwillbetakecareof.laughed后加atwatch→bewatchedtake→taken4.Themanwhogivesordersisinthechargeofthearmy.5.HeisluckyenoughtobeadmittedtoavolunteerofthecomingOlympicGames.to→as去掉第二个the实战应用：Welcometoourschool.I’dliketointroduceyoutheplansforourschool.Alotofwork___(do)inthepastfewyears.Thelibrary____(complete)andisreadyforuse.Butwestillhavetodomore