计算机专业英语第三章

TheOperatingSystem计算机专业英语》》UNITTHREELessonOneSummaryofoperatingsystemAnoperatingsystemservesasaninterface,bridgingthegapbetweenhardwareandapplicationsoftware.Thus,aswemovefromhardwaretosoftware,it’sappropriatethatweconsidertheoperatingsystemfirst.计算机专业英语》》UNITTHREEserve服务，供应interface界面bridgen.桥；vt.架桥gapn.缺口，缝隙thusadv.因而，从而，如此appropriateadj.适当的considervt.考虑，照顾，认为计算机专业英语》》UNITTHREEWhatexactlydoseanoperatingsystemdo?Basically,itperformsanumberofsupportfunctions.exactlybasicallysupportadv.正确地严密地adv.基本上主要地v.支持，维持n.支持，支持者计算机专业英语》》UNITTHREEIftheapplicationprogramistobeloaded,theremustbeaprograminmemorytocontroltheloadingprocess.Thatprogramistheoperatingsystem.Typically,theoperatingsystemisstoredondisk.Thisobjectiveisachievedbyaspecialprogramcalledaboot.adv.代表性地n.目标，目的adj.客观的v.完成，到达计算机专业英语》》UNITTHREEGenerally,thebootisstoredonthefirstsector(ortwo)ofadisk.Hardwareisdesignedtoreadthissectorautomaticallywheneverthepoweristurnedon.Thebootconsistsofonlyafewinstructions,buttheyaresufficienttoreadtherestoftheoperatingsystemintomemory;notehowitisseemingly“pulledinbyitsownbootstraps”.Now,ausercantypethecommandstoloadandexecuteanapplicationprogram.计算机专业英语》》UNITTHREEgenerallysectordesignedautomaticallyconsistsofinstructionssufficientrestnoteseeminglyowntypeloadexecute计算机专业英语》》UNITTHREELoadingprogramsisonlyoneoftheoperatingsystem’smanysupportfunctions.Basically,itisacollectionofsoftwaremodulesthatinsulatetheuserfromthehardware,thusmakingthesystemeasiertouse.Let’sinvestigatetheprimaryfunctionsofatypicaloperatingsystem.计算机专业英语》》UNITTHREEcollectionn.收藏，搜集品modulen.模块insulatevt.使绝缘，隔离investigatev.调查，研究primaryadj.第一位的，主要的计算机专业英语》》UNITTHREETheoperatingsystemisacollectionofprogramsdesignedtomanagethesystem’sresources,namely,memory,processors,devices,andinformation(programanddata).n.资源，财力，办法，智谋计算机专业英语》》UNITTHREEMemoryManagementFunctionsKeeptrackofthememory.Whatpartsareinuseandbywhom?Whatpartsarefree?Ifmultiprogramming,decidewhichprocessgetsmemory,whenitgetsitandhowmuch.Allocatethememory,andreclaimthememorywhentheprocessnolongerneedsitorhasbeenterminated.计算机专业英语》》UNITTHREEkeeptrackof明了freeadj.自由的，免费的，空闲的multiprogramming多道程序allocatevt.分派，分配reclaimvt.要求归还，收回nolonger不再terminatev.停止，结束，终止计算机专业英语》》UNITTHREEProcessorManagementFunctionKeeptrackoftheprocessorsandthestatusofprocesses.Decidewhowillhaveachancetousetheprocessor.Ifmultiprogramming,decidewhichprocessgetstheprocessor,whenandhowmuch.Allocatetheprocessortoprocessbysettingupnecessaryhardwareregisters,thisisoftencalledthedispatcher.Reclaimtheprocessorwhenprocessterminates,orexceedsallowedamountofusage.计算机专业英语》》UNITTHREEstatusn.身份，地位，状况chancen.机会，可能性settingup设立necessaryadj.必要的register记录，登记dispatchern.发报机exceedv.超越，胜过allowvt.允许，承认计算机专业英语》》UNITTHREEDeviceManagementFunctionsKeeptrackofdevices,channels,controlunits,thisiscalledthetrafficcontroller.Decidewhatanefficientwaytoallocatethedeviceis.Ifitistobeshared,thendecidewhogetsit,andhowmuchheistoget,thisiscalledI/Oscheduling.AllocatethedeviceandinitiatetheI/Ooperation.Reclaimthedevice.Inmostcases,theI/Oterminatesautomatically.计算机专业英语》》UNITTHREEchanneln.水道，路线；vt.引导，开导controlunit控制单元traffic交通share分享，共享scheduling行程安排，时序安排initiatev.开始case情形，事，案例计算机专业英语》》UNITTHREEInformationManagementFunctionsKeeptrackoftheinformation,itslocation,use,status,etc.Decidewhogetsuseoftheinformation,enforceprotectionrequirements,andprovideaccessingroutines.Allocatetheinformation,andreclaimtheresource.计算机专业英语》》UNITTHREElocationn.位置，场所enforcevt.强迫，执行，加强protectionn.保护requirementn.需求，要求，必要条件providev.供应，供给，准备routinen.例行公事，程序，日常事务计算机专业英语》》UNITTHREESinglechoice.1.Theservesasahardware/softwareinterface.a.systemc.controlunitb.applicationprogram2.Thesourceofacomputer’slogicis.a.hardwarec.datad.theuser3.Mostmicrocomputeroperatingsystemaredriven.a.interruptb.commandd.hardwared.operatingsystemb.softwarec.software计算机专业英语》》UNITTHREE4.Ausercommunicateswiththeoperatingsystemthrough.a.instructionsc.hardwareb.aprogram5.Theoperatingsystemisloadedby.a.thecommandprocessorc.theprogramloaderd.aninterruptb.abootd.acommandlanguage计算机专业英语》》UNITTHREE1.Eatingtoliveismoremeaningfulthanlivingtoeat.为了活而吃比为了吃而活更有意义。2.ShoutingEnglishisveryhelpfulconqueringyourshyness.大喊英语对克服你的羞怯心理很有帮助。3.Arguingwithyouallthetimemakesmetired.老是跟你争吵使我厌烦。4.Eatingtoomuchcanmakeyoufat.吃得过多会使你发胖。5.Smokingcausesalotofhealthproblems.吸烟会导致多种健康问题。6.Gettingmarriedcostsalot.Gettingdivorcedcostsmuchmore.结婚很贵，离婚更贵。英语口语练习材料计算机专业英语》》UNITTHREELessonTwoDOSDOSisanacronymforDiskOperatingSystem.Itisapopularoperatingsystemusedonearliercomputers.TheinterfacethatDOSprovidesforcomputerusersisthemodeofcharacters.TheuserskeyintheDOScommands.ThatinterfaceiscalledCharacterUserInterface(CUI).计算机专业英语》》UNITTHREEacronymn.只取首字母的缩写词popularadj.流行的，受欢迎的interface界面moden.方式，模式，样式key钥匙，关键计算机专业英语》》UNITTHREEMS/DOSiscomposedofthreeprimarymodules.COMMAND.COMisthecommandprocessor.Thefunctionsoftheinput/outputcontrolsystemaredividedbetweentworoutines,MSDOS.SYSandIO.SYS.MSDOS.SYSis