虚拟语气一轮复习虚拟语气基本形式:(1)若与现在事实相反从句形式为:If+主语+动词过去式(be动词一般为were)主句形式为:主语+would/should/could/might+v.(2)若与过去事实相反从句形式为:If+主语+had+done主句形式为:主语+would/should/could/might+have+done(3)若与将来事实相反从句形式为If+主语+动词过去式should+v.wereto+v.主句形式为:主语+would/should/could/might+v.虚拟语气(should)+动词原形的情况:(1)在某些动词的宾语从句中,形式是“(should)+动词原形”。常见动词有:一个坚持(insist);两个命令(order,demand);三个建议(advise,suggest,propose);四项要求(demand,require,request,ask)。(2)作某些词的同位语和表语从句时,形式是:“(should)+动词原形”。常见的名词有:advice,idea,order,demand,plan,proposal,suggestion,request,opinion等。(3)下列主语从句中用“(should)+动词原形”Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,surprising,etc)that…Itisapity(ashame,nowonderetc)that…Itissuggested(decided,ordered,requested,etc)that…特殊的虚拟语气:(1)用butfor,without等介词短语表达条件。例如:Butforyou,wecouldn’thavecarriedouttheplan.要不是你的话我们(当时)无法实行那项计划。(2)It’stimethat…+动词过去式It’stimethat…+should+动词原形“该做……的时候了”例如:Itistimewegotup.该是起床的时间了.Itis(high)timeweshouldgetup.该是我起床的时间了.(3)wouldrather(that)…动词过去式(与现在或将来相反)wouldrather(that)…had+done“宁愿……(而不)……”(与过去事实相反)例如:Iwouldratherhestayedathomenow.我宁愿他现在在家里.Iwouldratherhestayedathometomorrow.我宁愿他明天在家里.Iwouldratherhehadstayedathomeyesterday.我宁愿他昨天在家里(4)wish=ifonly+从句(从句谓语动词有三种形式)①would(could,might)+动词原形(与过去事实相反)②动词过去式(与现在事实相反)③had+过去分词或用couldhave+过去分词(与过去事实相反)例如:Iwish(ed)Icould(would,might)gotothemooninaspaceshiponeday.我希望有一天我能乘坐宇宙飞船登上月球.Iwish(=Ifonly)hevisitedusnow.要是他现在能来看望我.Iwish(Ifonly)hehadvisiteduslastnight.=Iwish(Ifonly)hecouldhavevisiteduslastnight.要是他昨晚能来看望我们就好了.(5)asif(though)(方式)“好像,仿佛”asif(though)+①动词过去式(与现在事实相反)asif(though)+②过去进行式(与现在正在进行相反)asif(though)+③had+done(与过去事实相反)asif(though)+④could/might/would+动词原形(与将来事实相反)(6)有时候,条件从句表示的动作和主句表示的动作发生的时间是不一致的(如一个是过去发生的,一个是现在发生的),这这时动词的形式要根据表示的时间来调整。例如:IfIhadfollowedthedoctor’sadvice,Iwouldbebetternow.如果我听了医生的建议,我现在可能就好多了.Ifyouhadworkedhardthen,youwouldbeintheuniversitynow.如果那时你努力一些,你现在就上大学了.Ifthedoctorhadcomesoonerlastnight,thepatientwouldbealivenow.如果医生昨晚能早来一会儿,病人现在可能就活下来了.(7)evenif/though引导让步状语从句,从句中用may/might+动词原形,may或might可省略,表示与现在情况相反;从句用过去时,表示与过去情况相反;类似的词还有:though/asthough/solongas/nomatterwh-/whatever/whenever/whoever等。例如:Howeverdangerousitmightbe,hewouldhaveatry.无论多危险,他都要试一试。EventhoughIhadbeenverybusythen,Iwouldhavehelpedyou.即使我当时很忙,我还是会帮助你的。(8)表示祝愿或诅咒的祈使句Mayyousucceed!祝你成功!Godblessyou!愿上帝保佑你!(9)过去分词短语表示条件Givenmoretime,wecouldhavedoneitbetter.倘若给我们会把它做得更好。(10)通过上下文表示条件Suchmistakencouldhavebeenavoided.这种错误本来是可以避免的。