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[][][]159Abstractsessentiallyintheprerequisitehypothesisonhumancognition:humanisselfishandself-interestinprivatelawwhilehumanisself-restrainedandpublic-interestinsociallaw.Thehypothesisabouthumannatureasbeingself-restrainedandpublic-interestdistinguishessociallawfromprivatelaw,whichprovidesjustificationforsociallaw.DeterminationofCausationinEnvironmentalTort75ZouXiong/Professor,doctoraltutor,vice-deanofLawSchoolofFuzhouUniversity;deputy-chairpersonofEnvironmentalLawSectionofChineseSocietyforEnvironmentalSciences;standingdirectorofEnvironmentalResourceLawResearchAssociationofChinaLawSociety.Abstract:Inthelawcirclehomeandaboard,thepresumptionofcausationinenvironmentaltortismerelyanominalappellation.Inessence,itisaspeciallydesignedlegalmechanismofdifferentproofcriteriafordifferentlitigatingpartiesinenvironmentaltortlitigation.Theauthorsuggestsaproof(judgment)criterionofOneHorizontalandOneVerticalModeltodeterminetheexistenceofcausation.Theprincipleofevidencelawshallbefollowedindeterminationofcausationinenvironmentaltort.SomeLegalProblemsonHandlingofMedicalDamageDisputes:DefectsandTheirPerfectionofActonTortLiability85ChangJiwen/Researcher,SocialLawResearchOffice,InstituteofLaw,ChineseAcademyofSocialSciences.Abstract:Atpresent,theamountofmedicaldamagedisputesinChinaisincreasingcontinually.ThemainreasonisthatChineselegalprovisionsarelackingorconflicting.ItisnecessarytoaddressinchaptersofspecialtortliabilityinActonTortLiability.Onmodelsofremedy,Chinashouldestablisharbitrationinstitutiononmedicaldamagedisputes.Onlegalprovisionsforremedy,ActonTortLiabilityshouldgiveauthoritativeprovisionsoncognizanceofdefect,demonstrationofcausalrelationandharmonizationbetweenjudicialidentificationandidentificationofmedicalassociation.WhenActonTortLiabilityistobeeffective,ChinamayamendRegulationonHandlingofMedicalAccidentssothatitcanbeharmonizedwithActonTortLiabilityataspectsofmodesofidentificationandstandardsofcompensation.ChinacanalsoamendRegulationonHandlingofMedicalAccidentsasRegulationonHandlingofMedicalDamages.Onliabilityforprove,afterActonTortLiabilitybecomeeffective,ChineseSupremePeoplesCourtshouldpromulgatejudicialinterpretationssothatthestandardsofunnecessarymedicalexaminationandrationalmedicalexaminationcanbothbeestablisheddefinitely.Onoriginofcompensationfund,ChinacantakeexperiencesofmedicalliabilityinsuranceinBeijingasreferenceandestablishsocialcompensationmechanism.Onlywiththeselegislations,canweimprovetheabilityofanti-riskofmedicalinstitutionandmedicalstaff.ClassificationofScienceResearchesandItsHistoricalChanges92LiXingmin/ProfessorofChineseAcademyofScience.Abstract:Viewsdifferontheclassificationofscienceresearches.Thispaperproposesbasicresearchandappliedresearchwhilealsocommentsonsometypicalviewsofscienceresearchesclassificationwithastudyontheirhistoricalchanges.Itspeciallydiscussesabouthowtostudyanddevelopthescienceresearchesclassification.AuthenticityTheoryofLiterature100WangFuren/DoctorofLiterature,distinguishedprofessorofShantouUniversity.